Unit 1 Section 8 Ancient Civilizations Greece TYWL: How were ancient civilizations and empires able to development, grow and create a lasting impact? How has conflict and innovation influenced political, religious, economic and social changes in medieval civilizations? Early Classical Fall

Early People of the Aegean Minoans Island of Crete. Civilization based on trade. Capital Knossos.

Trojan War Fact or Fiction??

Fact..I think! It’s located in Turkey.

The Mycenaens learned from the sea traders. The Trojan War 1250 B.C. b/w Mycenae (Greeks) & Troy. Fought over trade routes. Homer (700 BCE)—story teller of ancient Greece Orator Verbal histories become epics (tall tales with heroes and villains with a lesson) the “Iliad and the Odyssey”. Odysseus and Achilles These guys fought at the battle of Troy and reappear in Homers later stories

Around 800 BCE Phoenician traders reach out to Greece, bringing their writing w/ them. Greece accepts them & a new glorious Greece is launched!! The Greek City-States Mountains & rocky terrain isolated settlements from one another. Geography influenced cultural Mycenaean Collapses -1200 BCE-1150 BCE Greece falls into the Greek Dark Ages (1150-800 BCE) Acropolis- was the hilltop of the city-state called the high city.

1st ruler king--central power. (monarchy heriditary) Power shifted to a class of noble landowners. aristocracy. Trade expanded-A gov’t in the hands of a small, elite, business class oligarchy. Military technology (iron weapons). New fighting method: phalanx a massive formation of heavily armed foot soldiers was used.

Persian Wars: Famous Battles Persian Wars: 499– 480 BCE In 519 B.C. the Persians conquered Ionian Greeks. AGH! Those Greeks will pay for this Athens sent warships We’re on the way That made the Persian King, Darius, very angry with Greece. Help! Persian Wars: Famous Battles Marathon (490 BCE) 26.2 miles from Athens Thermopylae (480 BCE) 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass vs. Xerxes

The Persians Retreated. In 490 B.C. Darius sent 600 ships & thousands of soldiers to invade Greece. He wanted to punish the Athenians for helping the rebels. Persian Empire Athens Marathon Sparta The Persian army landed at Marathon, north of Athens, in 490 B.C. The Persians greatly outnumbered the Greeks. After a few days, the Persians decided to attack Athens by sea. While they were loading their ships, the Athenians attacked and defeated them at Salamis. The Persians Retreated.

Consequences of the Greek Victory Athens became leader of a Greek alliance of several city-states. This is the start of Greek unification. Athens enters its Golden Age. Notable Athenian Oligarchs Draco: harsh laws Athenian law code  Solon: wise laws Stop part 1

Cleisthenes: Father of Democracy Citizens: male property owners over 21, born in Athens Age of Pericles Golden Age. direct democracy- where large numbers of citizens take part in the day to day running of the government.

Peloponnesian War In 431 B.C., Sparta declared war on Athens. Results: Athens lost its empire of wealth & for a long time, its democratic gov’t.

Athens (A Limited Democracy) Attica north of the Peloponnesus Limited democracy, or gov’t by the people. Sparta (A Nation of Soldiers) near the Peloponnesus, Southern Greece. Rulers were two kings and a council of elders. Rulers formed a military society.

The Glory That Was Greece Greek philosophers Philosopher means “lover of wisdom” Logic- rational thinking Socrates Developed the Socratic Method- using questions to answer questions. Socrates was eventually arrested for “corrupting the youth of Athens”. Plato A student of Socrates “Golden Mean” [everything in moderation]. Plato’s most famous work was The Republic. It set forth his vision of an ideal gov’t. Aristotle A student of Plato Mentor of Alexander the Great He favored rule by a single, strong leader. (Philosopher King)

Macedonia and Alexander Philip the II became King of Macedonia Philip had a powerful army and invaded Greece. Philip was murdered and his son Alexander immediately proclaimed himself king at 20 years old. Alexander wanted complete his fathers dream of conquering Persia.

"Hellenistic" Greece: 324 BCE - 100 BCE

Alexander the Great

Conquering Begins took Anatolia (Turkey) from the Persians. marched into Egypt where he was crowned Pharaoh. He also founded the city of Alexander at the mouth of the Nile. turned East to Persia. crossed into the Indus Valley. A powerful Indian army with 200 elephants blocked his path. After winning the battle Alexander started having problems with his Army. The army had been fighting for 11years and marched more then 11,000 miles. The soldiers wanted to go home and Alexander agreed to go back. On the way home he dies. Conquering Begins

Alexander the Great’s Empire

Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria Hellenism blended Greek, Persian, Egyptian, & Indian culture. The center of the new culture is the city of Alexandria in Egypt.