The Ancient Greeks- Section 1 The Early Greeks

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Ancient Greece Monkey See…Monkey Do!.
Advertisements

Gr. 6 Ch. 7-2, Sparta/Athens.
Greece’s Early Civilizations. Minoan Civilization Minoans civilization was the first to develop in the Aegean Sea region – they were not Greeks – lasted.
Ancient Greece Chapter 7 Review. Geography Mainland Greece is ________________ It is made of three ________________;two are smaller and joined together.
4.3 Persia Attacks the Greeks. The Persian Empire.
4.3 Persia Attacks the Greeks
Persia Attacks the Greeks Chapter 4 Section 3. The Persian Empire Persians were warriors and nomads who lived in Persia, the southwestern area of what.
The Ancient Greeks- Section 1 The Early Greeks
HERE IS US!.
The Early Greeks Chapter 4 Section 1 Pg
The Ancient Greeks The Geography of Greece Mainland Greece is a mountainous peninsula—a body of land with water on three sides. The Ionian Sea is.
Chapter 4 The Ancient Greeks Chapter 4 The Ancient Greeks.
Political characteristics
The Early Greeks Chapter 7 Section 1. Did You Know?  In early Greece, roads were bumpy dirt trails and of little use to travelers. Because of this, ships.
Ancient Greece: History
Chapter 4, Section 1 Vocabulary Peninsula colony Polis agora.
The Story of Ancient Greece. Geography of Greece Greece is a small country in Europe. Greece is near the Mediterranean Sea. The main part of Greece in.
Early Civilizations in Greece Chapter 4. The Impact of Geography Greece is relatively small peninsula, about the size of Louisiana, with many surrounding.
Early Greece. Geography Mountainous country with 2 peninsulas -Balkan and Peloponnesus Peninsulas Ionian Sea to the west, Mediterranean Sea to the south.
Messiah Is a rescuer, sent by God..
Category 1Category 2Category 3Category
THE CITY-STATE AND DEMOCRACY The people of Greece shared a common language and common beliefs, but politically they were divided Greece was organized into.
CHAPTER 4 The Ancient Greeks. Greece What they did… Fished Sailed Traded Farmed- rocky soil made it difficult  Wheat, barley, olives, grapes  Sheep,
Jeopardy $100 Vocabulary PeoplePlacesWarsBonus $200 $300 $400 $500 $400 $300 $200 $100 $500 $400 $300 $200 $100 $500 $400 $300 $200 $100 $500 $400 $300.
GLORY, WAR, AND DECLINE LESSON 7.4. THE RULE OF PERICLES As the Persian wars ended, Athens became a powerful and self-confident city-state. Athenians.
Lesson 2: Sparta and Athens. Political Changes A. As Greek city-states grew, wealthy nobles seized power from kings, however they did not rule for very.
Thursday, January 7, 2015 Have your maps out on your desk to be checked. Please get out your planner and something to write with. Make sure to copy your.
Chapter 7-Section 1 The Greeks. People/Places/Words to Know 1.Greece is a ___________, surrounded by the ________ Sea, ___________ Sea, and ________ Sea.
Ancient Greece Section 1 Notes
The Early Greeks Chapter 7 Section 1. Did You Know?  In early Greece, roads were bumpy dirt trails and of little use to travelers. Because of this, ships.
The Greeks at War! Between 500 and 400 B.C. the Greeks fought several wars. Two were against the powerful Persian Empire to the east of Greece. Then a.
The Persian Empire. Read p of Journey Across Time. Fill out Guided Notes for those pages.
Ancient Greece Review for test: Part one. What type of landform is Greece? What are the major land formation found within Greece? Bonus: What % of Greece.
Athenian Empire bc Under Athenian leadership, the league expelled Persians from all Greek city-states Pericles =prime figure in Athens politics.
Greeks Topic 5.2. Purpose: Recognize the contrasting cultures of Athens and Sparta.
Greece and Persia Chapter 9.3.
Jeopardy Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200
The Early Greeks Chapter 4-1 Notes.
Glory, War, and Decline Lesson 7.4.
8th grade Ancient Greeks
The Expansion of Greece
Ancient Greece.
Persian Wars 499 BC Athenian Army helped the Greeks rebel against the Persians The Rebellion Failed Pg 134 5th hour.
Ancient & Classical Greece
Ancient Greece.
Sparta.
Sparta and Athens.
Chapter 9.1 The Rise of the Greek Civilization
Greek Government and War
Introduction to Ancient Greece
Greek Wars.
Ancient Greece Objective; understand the cultural and political contributions of Ancient Greece.
Chapter 7 Section 2 Greek Politics and Society
Chapter 4 Vocabulary Terms
Warm Up: Discuss the rivalry between Athens and Sparta in Ancient Greece.
Glory, War, and Decline Chapter 9.4.
Warm Up – February 1 Answer the following question on a post it:
The Rise of Greek City-States The Polis 1750 B.C B.C.
Glory, War, and Decline Chapter 9.4.
The Age of Pericles Chapter 7, Section 4.
Persia Attacks the Greeks
Ancient Greece Chapter 5 Section 2.
Sparta and Athens.
Discovering Our Past Chapter 9 and 10
Greece and Persia Chapter 9.3.
The Greco-Persian Wars
Greece and Persia Chapter 9.3.
Chapter 9.1 The Rise of the Greek Civilization
Greek Government and War
Lesson 2: Sparta and Athens
Presentation transcript:

The Ancient Greeks- Section 1 The Early Greeks Chapter 4 The Ancient Greeks- Section 1 The Early Greeks

Mainland Greece is a peninsula- A body of land with water on three sides. The geography of Greece (mountains, seas, etc.) resulted in many independent Greek communities.

The minoans The island of Crete lies southeast of the Greek mainland. The Minoans were not Greeks, but they were the first civilization to inhabit what would later be known as Greece. The Minoans created an extravagant palace in Knossos and made their wealth by trading. By 2000 B.C. they controlled the eastern Mediterranean Sea. About 1450 B.C. the Minoan civilization collapsed. Some historians believed they fell due to natural causes. Others believe a group from the mainland, the Mycenaeans invaded Crete.

The first greek kingdoms Originally from central Asia, Mycenaeans invaded Greeks mainland in the 1800’s B.C. and Mycenaean leaders became the first Greek kings. The palace of the ruler stood in the middle of the kingdom. Nobles, farmers and slaves lived beyond the palace walls. Mycenaeans learned much from the Minoans- how to work bronze, build ships, use the sun and stars to find their way at sea, religion- before conquering them. Myceneans were successful in trade but took pride in their deeds in battle. Their most famous victory is the Trojan War, led by King Agamemnon.

By 1100 B.C., Mycenaean civilization had collapsed due to earthquakes & fighting within kingdoms. 1100 B.C. and 750 B.C. – The Dark Age Farmers grew food only for their families Education ceased Many Greeks left the mainland, expanding the reach of Greek culture The Dorians moved in and settled on the Peloponnesus peninsula. They brought advanced weapons and farm technology. Gradually people began to farm and educate again. They adopted the idea of an alphabet from the Phoenicians.

As the Greek population grew, cities began sending people outside Greece to start colonies. Colony – a settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties to its homeland. Colonization led to the growth of trade and industry.

The Polis At the end of the Dark Age, many nobles had overthrown the Greek kings and created city-states, known as a polis Acropolis – a fortified area at the top of a hill used as a gathering place in the polis Sometimes a religious center Agora – an open area below the acropolis that served as both a market and a meeting/debating place

Citizenship Greeks were the first people to develop the idea of citizenship. Citizens – members of a political community who treat each other as equals and who have rights and responsibilities. (Only free native-born men who owned land) In exchange for their rights (elect officials, pass laws, hold office, own property), citizens must serve in government and fight as citizen soldiers.

Section 2- Sparta and Athens Rule by the nobles began to decline by 650 B.C. Small farmers demanded changes in the power structure and merchants and artisans wanted to be a part of government. The growing frustration led to the rise of tyrants. Tyrant – someone who takes power by force and rules with total authority.

Tyrants overthrew the nobles during the 600’s Tyrants overthrew the nobles during the 600’s. However, most Greeks wanted rule by law with all citizens participating in government. By 500 B.C., most city-states had become either oligarchies or democracies: Oligarchy – a form of government in which only a few hold power Democracy – a form of government in which all citizens share in running the government Sparta (oligarchy) and Athens (democracy) became two of the most powerful governments of early Greece.

Sparta was founded by the Dorians who enslaved their neighbors, the Helots, to be workers Fearing the Helots might someday rebel, government firmly controlled the people and trained the men for war Spartan soldiers were trained until age 30, but remained in the army until age 60 Spartan girls were trained in sports – running & wrestling

Spartan government included two kings Spartan government included two kings. They headed a council of elders who presented laws to an assembly. The assembly voted on the laws and chose 5 ephors Ephor – a person who enforced the laws and managed tax collection By focusing on military training, the Spartans fell behind in trade, technology and science, but played a key role in defending Greece

ATHENS Athenians focused on providing boys a good education, sports, and music At age 18, boys finished school and became citizens and girls were taught at home by their mothers During the 600’s B.C., Athens was an oligarchy ruled by landowning nobles During the early 500’s B.C., the government was in much turmoil due to rebellion by the farmers Cleisthenes, their most important leader, made the Athenian government a democracy

Section 3- The Persian Empire Persians lived in what is today southwestern Iran Cyrus the Great (559 B.C. to 530 B.C.) united the Persians into a powerful kingdom, larger than any in the world In 539 B.C., Cyrus’ armies captured Babylon, northern Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Syria, Canaan, and the Phoenician cities

King Darius (521 B.C.) reorganized the government, dividing the empire into 20 states called satrapies The Persian government paid people to be full-time soldiers, unlike the Greek city-states (citizen soldiers) The Greeks often clashed with the Persians while setting up colonies in the Mediterranean region

The Greeks and the Persians fought in several key battles Battle of Marathon –Athenians successfully defeated the Persians as they attempted to attack Athens King Xerxes, Darius’ son, vowed revenge against the Athenians Battle of Thermopylae –Greek soldiers survived but Sparta’s King Leonidas and several hundred others fought to the death, losing this battle Strait of Salamis – naval battle the Greeks won decidedly with smaller, faster, and easier to steer ships

Battle of Plataea (479 B.C.) – the Greek army crushed the Persian army at Plataea, northwest of Athens This battle convinced the Persians to retreat to Asia Minor The Fall of the Persian Empire A weakened army, high taxes which led to rebellions, and fighting within the royal family made Persia vulnerable to attack Persian Empire was conquered by Alexander the Great in 334 B.C.

Section 4- The Age of Pericles

Persians remained a threat to Greece Delian League – group of city-states, including Athens, but not Sparta who united in 478 B.C. to defend themselves against the Persians Democracy in Athens Direct democracy- People gather at mass meetings to decide government matters and every citizen can vote on laws and policies Representative democracy (U.S.) – citizens choose a smaller group of representatives to make laws and governmental decisions on their behalf

Delian Leagues Direct Democracy Usually fewer than 6,000 men attended the assembly meetings, which were held every 10 days The assembly passed all laws, elected officials, and made decisions on war and foreign affairs Ten officials known as generals carried out the assembly’s laws and policies

Pericles One of the leading figures in Athenian politics Guided Athens for more than 30 years Helped Athens dominate/control the Delian league Strived to make Athens more democratic The Age of Pericles was a period of cultural prosperity – tremendous creativity and learning

The Peloponnesian War (431 – 404 B.C.) Sparta vs. Athens for control of Greece Did not understand or trust each other and clashed over political ideology and perceived aggression The Spartans made a deal with the Persian Empire They exchanged Greek territory in Asia Minor for enough money to build a navy Sparta’s new navy destroyed the Athenian fleet

Effects of the war Weakened all of the major Greek city-states Many people died, farms were destroyed, people lost jobs Made it impossible for the Greeks to unite and work together again 30 years later, war broke out again, further weakening the kingdom