Lucy Faithfull Foundation Engaging the public to prevent online child sexual abuse - IIOC Deterrence Campaign Donald Findlater ++++ Lucy Faithfull Foundation The only UK-wide charity dedicated solely to tackling child sexual abuse

Outline LFF and Stop it Now! UK & Ireland Inform and Inform + IIOC Deterrence Campaign “Get-Help” website Operation Net Safe Impacts so far Next steps (this afternoon!)

LFF / Stop it Now! LFF is a child protection charity specialising in the prevention of child sexual abuse. Stop it Now! UK & Ireland is the campaigning arm of LFF, supporting adults to play their part in the prevention of child sexual abuse. LFF set up the Stop it Now! UK & Ireland Helpline – 0808 1000 900 - in 2002

Stop it Now! UK and Ireland - Prevention campaign - Confidential helpline The only UK-wide Helpline and Campaign dedicated solely to tackling child sexual abuse

Stop It Now! Helpline Principal Target Groups:- Adult abusers and potential abusers: to encourage them to recognise their behaviour as abusive and seek help to change. Family and friends: to encourage them to recognise the signs of abusive behaviour in those close to them and to seek advice about what action to take. Parents and carers of young people with worrying sexual behaviour: to encourage them to recognise signs of abusive behaviour in their children and seek advice about what to do.

Helpline calls and callers

Calls from adults concerned about their own behaviour

Direct impacts of Helpline on offenders Preventing re-offending Understand behaviour can be changed Implement techniques and change behaviour Recognise behaviour as risky Strengthening other protective factors

Inform Plus: A psycho-educational programme

Inform Plus programme For men who have been arrested, cautioned or convicted of accessing indecent images of children online Referral via the Stop it Now! helpline or Probation/Children’s Services’ referrals Voluntary attendance Self-funded

Inform Plus Structure Pre-group individual ‘face to face’ meeting Ten x 2.5 hour sessions Approx. 8-10 group members – all male Two group leaders Personal work set between sessions Post programme follow-up review group meeting Available on a 1:1 basis

Inform Plus Content Offence analysis The role of sexual fantasy Addictions and compulsions Disclosure, social skills and relationships Criminal Justice information Victim empathy Lifestyle change and looking to the future

Inform Plus And the ‘Inform’ programme ‘Inform Plus’ is delivered alongside the ‘Inform’ programme: for partners, relatives and friends of someone who has accessed indecent images of children online Inform structure: 5 x 2.5 sessions Inform content: facts and myths; understanding the behaviour; risk management; communication and support

Inform Plus Key differences from sex offender treatment programmes: Most men are still being investigated Psycho-educational approach Length/intensity Voluntary attendance Self-funded

Feedback from participants “The best thing that has happened in the entire process” “Thank you for being there I think I would have ended my life without this support. The weekly sessions have given some sanity to an unsure situation and an opportunity to re connect with the human race” “You provide an invaluable service at a time of the utmost need to individuals and, indirectly, to families. I can’t thank you enough” “Thank you for the offer of help, without your agreement to follow me on the course I would have been in a completely different place. The light at the end of the tunnel is definitely brighter and closer” “I would like to contribute back to the course to help others”

Knowledge test (examples) Name three techniques which can be used to manage sexual fantasies? Name 5 things that influence a person’s ability to give consent to sexual activity. Name 3 issues to consider when planning to tell someone about your offending (disclosure). Name 5 components needed for successful relationships. Name 3 things which make it harder to be empathic. Do you know what a SOPO is? Please define it. Do you know what a Pre-Sentence Report is [PSR]? What is its purpose? Name 4 Primary Human Goods according to the Good Lives Model? Name three practical parameters that can be put around a person’s internet use in order to prevent re-offending.

Knowledge test No. completed Score range Mean Pre 51 0-25 12.96 Post   No. completed Score range Mean Pre 51 0-25 12.96 Post 72 2-44 27.49 Follow-up 35 11-45 29.57

Qualitative data Results 3 themes Theme 1: Empowering self to be an agent of change Theme 2: Facilitation of Open Communication Theme 3: Life Beyond Inform Plus

Participants said… “… not just telling you what it is but kind of letting you get there yourself which for me I know is much better…” “it’s made me confront the issues in a way that I hadn’t had to before because it was so secret…” “it’s really a kick in the gut… but it’s a good kick in the gut. It really brings it home… doing that was positive in the end…”

Participants said… “I wasn’t comfortable talking – I found it difficult personally, but actually to talk about in front of others was fine…we were such a good relaxed group…” “my husband used to keep his feelings shut away and now he talks. I think the course taught him that he really needs to open up…” [partner]

Participants said… “when you do something of this nature you feel you’re a briar to society… and the easiest way to solve the problem is to opt out of society. The course took that away. It gave me a future.” “… he moved away from computers and become more involved… with him doing things like the gardening, taking dogs for walks, meeting with relations and going out for lunches… He’s become more of a social person.” [Partner]

Conclusions of evaluation Gillespie et al 2016 All the data indicates Inform Plus is an effective psycho-educative intervention Timeliness, family involvement, support of helpline Might constitute ‘treatment’ for some internet offenders. Part of a suicide-prevention as well as risk management strategy Re-conviction study?

The story so far… Inform Plus - groups delivered from Epsom, Birmingham, Bristol /Glos, Manchester, Edinburgh and Leeds. Inform Plus: 1939 participants since 2005 Inform: 379 participants to date Aspirations to expand delivery of the programmes to other centres of population Inform YP

Deterrence Campaign

THE CHALLENGE – IIOC (Child Pornography) OFFENDERS High prevalence 50,000 (UK Police estimate) online IIOC offenders in 2013; 100,000 (UK Police estimate) in 2016 Only 2,500 – 4,000 (?) arrested each year New offenders daily (including YP) Many types of CSE, I want to focus on IIOC offenders – the subject of our work with OSCT, lots of challenges Significant number of offenders –– but as Keith Bristowe (then DG of NCA) and other senior police offices have commented, alongside a strong law enforcement response we need to drive behaviour change. There is no clear solution – lots of unknowns Also – very emotive/controverdial politically toxic with limited appetite to risk OFFICIAL - SENSITIVE

The story so far… Research with IIOC offenders Identify key “deterrence” messages Develop resources Plan and launch campaign October 2015 Evaluation April 2016 Approached by South Wales Police to partner with Operation Net Safe Launch Phase 2 October 2016 Evaluation April 2017 Phase 3 (?)

TARGETED DETERRENCE CAMPAIGN Range of evidence-based deterrence resources that help offenders or potential offenders to reappraise their actions Proactively deployed online to prevent or interrupt offending Enhanced online self help programme Key messages to/support for family and friends OFFICIAL - SENSITIVE

Launch - 13 October 2015 …..and beyond…

Film 1 On your tables, please identify key messages

Film 2 On your tables, please identify key messages

Film summaries https://www.youtube.com/user/stopitnowukireland include words of offenders - voiced by actors explain that the viewing of the images is not a victimless crime; there are no justifications; there are serious consequences; there is help to stop educate the public in steps they can take if they think someone they know might be looking at sexual images of under 18s.

The ‘Get Help’ website

Self-Help modules 1. Understanding Why 2. Problem of Immediate Gratification 3. Triggers 4. Taking Responsibility 5. Images Are children 6. Fantasy 7. Addiction 8. Problematic Collecting 9. Online Relationships 10. Recognising and Dealing with Feelings 11. Opening Up to Others 12. Disclosure 13. Self Esteem and Assertiveness 14. Problem Solving 15. Self-Talk 16. Relapse Prevention 17. Building a Good Life

Module 5: Images Are Children Exercise 1: Understanding and Responding to Justifications Responses “I am only looking at pictures.” “The children in the images are real children who are being sexually abused.” “The images were already online.” “I did not directly abuse the child in the image.” “The child in the image is smiling, so they must be enjoying it.” "I didn't produce the pictures, and they were already there." "I've had no direct contact with the child." “The children are clothed, so these images cannot be illegal.” “This isn’t abuse because no adults are in the images.” “The child took this photograph of themselves.”

Feedback I am happy that I can go through the modules at any time. I found it not only useful, but interesting. It’s a fantastic service. It’s a taboo subject – if we can speak about this, it’s going to prevent future abuse.

“It’s a real life saver and I wish more people knew about it at the time rather than afterwards.” “Shame there wasn’t a bit more advertising for it. I could have stopped earlier. I wanted help for year but was too frightened to ask. It is unacceptable for society to be like that.” “Just that the service is fantastic and I wish that more people knew about it and could use it as it would stop a lot.”

24 2,300,000 Six month communications campaign to: a.    Deter potential and early-stage offenders from accessing Indecent Images of Children (IIOC) b.    Increase access to anonymous self-help by offenders and individuals concerned about offenders Impact: Significant increase in offenders and adults concerned about offenders accessing helpline and website A number of offenders self-report adopting behavioural strategies to avoid reoffending Short deterrence films developed with offenders Calls to confidential helpline by 25% CASE STUDY: ‘SEAN’ ‘Sean’ first heard about Stop It Now whilst watching BBC news, where he saw a film clip which depicted an offender walking blindly past a series of stop signs before falling into darkness. For years Sean had told himself that his actions were wrong, but he felt powerless to change his ways on his own. The film prompted him to visit the Stop It Now website and then build up courage to call the helpline. After explaining his fears, Sean was given advice about steps he could take to reduce the risk of reoffending in future. Sean called back several weeks later and said he felt much more positive about his ability to change. He had confided in his girlfriend, and now only uses the internet when she is there. He has also worked through the online Get Help modules and said he now understands that looking at IIOC is not a victimless crime. Strategies adopted to avoid reoffending Enlisting support of partner or family member Stopped all pornography use Stopped all internet use Installed controls and filters on devices Worked through Get Help modules online Campaign launch Oct 2015-March 2016 Oct 2014-March 2015 Weekly calls from pre-arrest offenders doubled Campaign reaching target audience at risk of offending Enhanced anonymous online self-help resources Regional media coverage 8862 UK individuals using online self-help ( of 469%) 92 pieces of media coverage- estimated reach of 58% of UK adults 24 active partners, including… Average time spent on site- 8m 33s by 116% Family support Student unions (above industry average) Safeguarding bodies Return visitors by 67% Advice for concerned family and friends Media and online coverage drove 57% of helpline calls by pre-arrest offenders 1050 website visits from Google keyword interventions (Dec 15-Apr 16) 2,300,000 film views Technical details and sources: All data from 13th October 2015- 31st March 2016. Percentage increases are against average figures for the previous three months. Website/helpline analytics from the Lucy Faithfull Foundation; Media data from Consolidated PR;. Examples of self-reported behavioural strategies from a sample of 930 call records analysed by BritainThinks, made between 13/10/15-31/3/16, 215 of which referenced campaign activity. Call-handlers used their discretion to select callers to take part in the survey. Findings are therefore not representative of all callers to the helpline.

Operation Net Safe – Pan-Wales campaign Launched 7 November 2016 Led by South Wales police – but pan-Wales campaign Named ‘Operation Net Safe’ Next - East-of-England Forces Communications coupled with enforcement activity Media launch, social media, posters, stakeholder engagement Utilising same messages from films

Press releases

Social Media

Partners Pack – encouraging partner support

Calls to Stop! Helpline 2014 2015 2016 Callers total: Share: England   2014 2015 2016 Callers total: Share: England 909 83% 1037 88% 1305 90% Scotland 131 12% 97 8% 78 5% Wales 45 4% 46 64 4.4% Northern Ireland 6 0.5% 4 0.3% 1 0% UK Total 1091 1184 1448 Table. Callers to Stop it Now! Helpline concerned about their online behaviour – country totals and country share.  

Wales – traffic to ”get help”   Welsh traffic to Get Help website – before and after Netsafe Launch 5 week period before Netsafe 3 Oct – 6 Nov 2016 5 week period after Netsafe 7 Nov – 13 Dec 2016 Impact Total visits to Get Help Website from Wales 168 235 40% Average daily visits to Get Help from Wales 4.8 6.7 Average pages viewed per session from Welsh visitors 8.03 8.93 11% Bounce Rate 54.65% 42.5% Down 12 % - good % of Welsh visitors to Get Help as a proportion of all UK visitors 4% 5.23% Greater proportion of Welsh visitors relative to population share than England or Scotland Table 1: compares volumes of Welsh traffic to get-help.stopitnow.org.uk before and after Operation Netsafe  

“Get-Help” website results Total number of UK website visits* = 44,725 Total number of individual UK users* = 29,654 Average number of pages viewed per visit = 7.7 Average bounce rate = 49% *November 2015-7 March 2017 Bounce rate – only view page entered on. 26%-40% is excellent, 41%-55% is average for general websites.

Next Steps - UK 2 new films (early Summer) Next phase of the campaign…..in UK and in Wales University setting (students) Health setting (staff and patients) What/where else? How can you help?

Thank you! donald@donaldfindlater.com Mob: 0044 (0) 7778 532851