INDUSTRY Transportation Communications Inventions Inventors Effects Transportation Inventions Inventors Effects Communications Inventions Inventors Effects

INDUSTRY Inventions Inventors Effects Bessemer Process Oil Drill Lubricating Cup Henry Bessemer Edwin Drake Elijah McCoy Helped railroad expansion Drilled 20 barrels/day Oiled machines while still running

INDUSTRY Transportation Communications Inventions Inventors Effects Transportation Inventions Inventors Effects Communications Inventions Inventors Effects

Transportation Inventions Inventors Effects Compressed-air brake Internal-combustion engine Airplane George Westinghouse Nikolaus A. Otto Orville & Wilbur Wright Increased railroad safety Helped develop automobiles Encouraged development of air travel

INDUSTRY Transportation Communications Inventions Inventors Effects Transportation Inventions Inventors Effects Communications Inventions Inventors Effects

Communications Inventions Inventors Effects Telegraph Telephone Typewriter Samuel F.B. Morse Alexander Graham Bell Christopher Sholes Provided communication across wide distances Provided communication across wide distances AND jobs for women Increased print production

Quickwrite At the turn of the century, several new innovations and inventions were developing to improve and create modern America. Which of the inventions do you believe has had the greatest impact on our society? Why?

Chapter 6 Section 2 Rise of Big Business

New Capitalist Spirit Capitalism– private ownership of most industries Competition determines price of goods and wages By late 1800’s businesspeople looked to gain wealth by taking advantage of technological advances

Horatio Alger Wrote books describing idea of self reliant individiualism 1869 Luck and Pluck series– based on a rags to riches theme

Laissez-Faire Capitalism No government intervention in economy Literal translation “hands off” Businesses would let competition determine prices and wages Free enterprise system– supply and demand, profit margin determine what and how much to produce

Critics Respond Rapid industrialization is harmful and unjust to the working class Karl Marx– German philosopher Proposes a system that removes inequities of wealth Communism proposes that individual ownership of property not be allowed Property and production are owned by the community and it provides for needs of all “capitalism allowed bourgeoisie to take advantage of proletariat”

Social Darwinism Adapted Charles Darwin’s theory on natural selection and Evolution Society progresses through natural selection The “fittest” would and should rise to positions of wealth and power The “unfit” would fail Any attempt to assist poor or less capable would slow social progress Religious leaders echoed support– wealth became a sign of Christian virtue