Chapter 2 & 3 TEST Review

1. shortest day of the year occur in the Northern Hemisphere

1. winter solstice

2. the crust, continents and uppermost part of the mantle

2. lithosphere

3. pattern of weather in an area over a long period of time

3. climate

4. terrestrial planets have

4. a solid rocky crust

5. sun is directly over the equator on this day

5. equinox

6. leeward side of mountain ranges

6. rain shadow

7. the part of the earth where life exists

7. biosphere

8. part of a continent that extends out underneath the ocean

8. continental shelf

9. precipitation found in mountainous areas

9. orographic

10. Name the four major biomes on Earth:

10. desert, grassland, forest, tundra

11. thick middle layer of the earth's interior structure consisting of hot rock that is dense but flexible

11. mantle

12. weather in an area over a long period of time

12. climate

13. the theory that the continents were once joined and then slowly drifted apart

13. continental drift

14. removing salt from ocean or seawater

14. desalinization

15. process by which oceanic plates dive beneath continental plates, often causing mountains to form on land

15. subduction

16. all of Earth’s water elements

16. hydrosphere

17. Type of precipitation found in rain forest areas

17. convectional

18. process by which magma wells up between oceanic plates and pushes the plates apart

18. spreading

19. evaporation, condensation, and precipitation

19. water cycle

20. chemical or physical processes that break down rocks into smaller pieces

20. weathering

21. a large body of ice that moves across the surface of the earth

21. glacier

22. LACEMOPS

22. acronym for factors that influence climate

23. piles of rocky debris left by melting glaciers

23. moraines

24. water located underground within the earth that supplies wells and springs

24. groundwater

25. warming of the earth that occurs when the sun’s radiation passes through the atmosphere

25. greenhouse effect

26. wind in a region that blows in a fairly constant directional pattern

26. prevailing wind

27. 23.5°N & 23.5°S

27. Tropic of Cancer & Tropic of Capricorn

28. the resulting diagonal movement, either north or south, of prevailing winds caused by the earth’s rotation

28. Coriolis effect

29. a frequently windless area near the equator

29. doldrums

30. underground layer of rock often saturated with freshwater

30. aquifer

31. a periodic change in the pattern of ocean currents, water temperatures, and weather in the mid-pacific region

31. El Niño

32. being in or facing opposite the direction toward which the wind is blowing towards a mountain

32. leeward

33. shortest day of the year occur in the Northern Hemisphere

33. Winter Solstice

33. the physical characteristics of the surface of the land

33. terrain

34. plant life that grows in a certain area if people have not changed the natural environment

34. natural vegetation

35. trees such as oak and maple, which lose their leaves in autumn

35. deciduous

36. a permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground

36. permafrost

36. permafrost

37. the term scientists use to describe the activities of continental drift and magma flow, which create many of earth's physical features

37. plate tectonics