GOAL & FUNCTION-BASED DESIGN FOR RIPARIAN & STREAM SYSTEMS THE EIGHTEENMILE CREEK PROJECT PHASE I CONSTRUCTED AUG-SEPT 2003 PHASE II CONSTRUCTED JUNE 18-20, 2007 by Dave Derrick

EIGHTEENMILE CREEK IS A SUBURBAN, GRAVEL-COBBLE BED, POOL-RIFFLE-POOL REGIME STREAM IN A V-SHAPED VALLEY

SOME ASPECTS OF THE 18 MILE CREEK PROJECT PHILOSOPHY SOME ASPECTS OF THE 18 MILE CREEK PROJECT PHILOSOPHY *As much as possible, techniques used were developed by observing nature and natural processes. **Design team worked with existing stream alignment and materials that were available ***Designers wanted to “work with” the stream (nudge, not fight) stream energy and stream tendencies

18 MILE CREEK RESTORATION ***SOME PROJECT GOALS*** Aquatic habitat enhancement/restoration for Atlantic, Coho, and Chinook salmon, steelhead, Brown Trout, and bass. In response to incredible fishing pressure (9,000 TO 11,000 fisher folks yearly during runs), access and ingress and egress to the stream, encouragement for recreators to wade, back cast space for fly fishermen, safety, aesthetics (a natural look), & access trails for emergency personnel/vehicles were all driving project goals Stabilization of eroding banks and some riparian corridor vegetation (especially “leaning trees”) Need to artificially carbon-load the carbon depleted areas, and integrate long-term carbon into the project Re-establishment and enhancement of riparian buffer areas Revegetate all disturbed areas, establish “tough” plants for high foot traffic areas Minimize disturbance of downstream areas, especially with regard to habitat areas of T&E species Blanding’s Turtle

The "Locked Limb/Locked Log" Concept Consists of small trees and/or Small Woody Debris (SWD consisting of limbs, limbs with leaves, sections of small tree trunks, tree tops, etc.), anchored within or placed under structures, with limbs/logs protruding into deeper scoured areas to provide in-stream cover, vertical and horizontal structure, and areas of refugia. Can be either hand- or machine-placed Locked Limbs are typically less than 2” inches in diameter, Locked Logs are greater than 2 inches in diameter

Pix by Derrick Close-up shot of the DS reference area, if you were a fish, where would you hang out? Is nature grand, or what?

Locked Logs ready for stone riprap Pix by Derrick

Everything is now “locked” in place with stone Pix by Derrick

Pix by Derrick Row of Locked Logs

Locked Limbs & Locked Logs - June 24, 2004 Pix by Derrick Locked Limbs & Locked Logs - June 24, 2004

4 Years later June 18, 2007 Pix by Derrick

Soil-Choked RIPRAP from John McCullah’s From: www.E-SenSS.com Soil-Choked RIPRAP from John McCullah’s www.E-SenSS.com John

Rooted stock plants waiting to be planted, 18 Mile Cr Rooted stock plants waiting to be planted, 18 Mile Cr., {SUBURBAN, GRAVEL-COBBLE BED, POOL-RIFFLE-POOL REGIME STREAM IN A V-SHAPED VALLEY} Newfane, NY Mini case study: 1 of 4

Rooted stock plants in place, ready for additional soil to choke riprap and surround plants Mini case study: 2 of 4

“Sock” rooted stock plants placed within voids in riprap, then riprap “choked” with soil and seeded. Mini case study: 3 of 4

June 24, 2004-Growing well a year later Mini case study: 4 of 4

4 Years later June 18, 2007 Pix by Derrick

THE GREAT WALL OF NEWFANE

In this case a 100% spun coir mat, 700 grams/meter Mini case study: 3 of 5

Half a growing season later, June 24, 2004 Mini case study: 4 of 5 Half a growing season later, June 24, 2004

Looking US, 3 growing seasons after installation, Aug 25, 2006 Mini case study: 5 of 5 Looking US, 3 growing seasons after installation, Aug 25, 2006 PIX FROM PAUL FUHRMANN

4 growing seasons later, June 13, 2008 Pix by Derrick

Pix by Derrick Looking US. 5 growing seasons later. Riparian plantings are robust, June 7, 2009

5 growing seasons later riparian plantings are robust. June 7, 2009 Pix by Derrick

Hydraulic Cover Stones (HCS) Large single stones placed in a flowing channel. Three versions: 1.) Top of the stone set at an elevation slightly lower than the typical base-flow water surface elevation. When sited correctly, the accelerated flow over the top of the stone will change from subcritical to supercritical flow, & further downstream back to subcritical (usually with a weak hydraulic jump). The hydraulic jump will entrain air & aerate the stream. 2.) Stone crest set just below the base flow water surface elevation results in an acceleration of the water moving over the top of the stone, with “standing waves” forming downstream of the stone. 3.) Stone crest set slightly above the base flow water surface, resulting in a V-shaped wake and flow split with a double return eddy flow pattern DS of the stone. However, these stones might be used as perches for predators. The constant movement & rippling of the water from the three types of Hydraulic Cover Stones results in a type of cover, “hydraulic cover”, masking fish location from the view of predators. The stones also provide resting areas & in-channel refugee for fish during high energy, high-flow events. Hydraulic Cover Stones are especially useful in sections of the stream with little in-channel structure, or vegetative cover, or undercut banks.

Natural Hydraulic Cover Stones on Elton Creek & Genesee River, NY Hydraulic Cover Stone at Elton Creek, NY Flow

My sneaker Close-up of Large Stones, these were hand selected & are 3 ft by 3 ft with two sides flat.

Here comes Jimmy with a Hydraulic Cover Stone!!!

Note sediment near stone acting as a dye trace. Flow

The first stone, lookin’ good and working hard!! Flow

Functions of Hydraulic Cover Stones Provides micro-topography (scour & deposition) Provides diversity of velocities Provides “hydraulic cover”, turbulence, return currents, eddy fences, internal distortion, pressure zones Provides feeding lanes for fish Provides shape cover & solid substrate for benthics Provides refugia Dissipates energy Can aerate water, or de-gas super-saturated water

Looking DS, note locations of Hydraulic Cover Stones during unusually low flow conditions

Hydraulic Cover Stones provide improved aquatic habitat Hydraulic Cover Stones shown functioning 3 different ways !!!! Graphics courtesy of Ecology & Environment, Inc.

Pix by Derrick

I love this picture!! Pix by Derrick An everyday fisherman said the best fishing was immediately US of these 3 Hydraulic Cover Stones which form a mini pool within a pool, so to speak I love this picture!! Pix by Derrick

Flow from left to right, note weak hydraulic jump DS over the Hydraulic Cover Stone Pix by Derrick

Flow from left to right, note wake from Hydraulic Cover Stones Pix by Derrick

A nice brown trout caught among the Hydraulic Cover Stones

Sometimes you just have to park it !! Multi-Use Hydraulic Cover Stones, in this case a fisherman’s resting rock, (FRR) FRR Sometimes you just have to park it !! Pix by Derrick

PHASE II OF THE EIGHTEENMILE CREEK PROJECT CONSTRUCTED JUNE 18-20, 2007

PHASE II FUNCTIONS Constructed immediately DS of the 2003 restoration project FUNCTIONS: Narrowed stream to increase low flow velocities & provide cover, holding areas, solid substrate, and also allow off-channel areas to revegetate as emergent aquatic marshes Provide access for fishermen Provide aquatic habitat (diversity and complexity) Provide hydraulic cover (disturbance of surface water, difficult for predators to see fish)

Plan Drawing for Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007 The Traffic Control Stone Wall

Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix-Vic DiGialomo From overhead trestle, looking @ the DS end of the TCS wall. Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix-Vic DiGialomo

THE FISHERMAN’S WALKING PATH (right bank)

Plan Drawing for Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007 The Traffic Control Stone Wall The Fisherman’s path with a Single Stone Bendway Weir every 20 ft.

Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix-Vic DiGialomo Placing stones in compression on the underwater footer stones. Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix-Vic DiGialomo

Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix by Derrick Flow from left, looking @ stones in compression. See the footer stone? Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix by Derrick

Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix by Derrick Close-up of fisherman’s path stones in compression. See the footer stone? Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix by Derrick

Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix by Derrick Vic with a Single Stone Bendway Weir. There is a SSBW every 20 ft jutting into the channel from the Fisherman’s path. Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix by Derrick

Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix-Vic DiGialomo Looking US. Placing a Single Stone Bendway Weir. Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix-Vic DiGialomo

Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix by Derrick A Single Stone Bendway Weir tied into the fisherman’s path. Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix by Derrick

Post-Project-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-Oct 16, 2007, Pix-Fuhrmann Looking US. Fisherman’s path complete and being used. Post-Project-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-Oct 16, 2007, Pix-Fuhrmann

SMILES, FROWNS, KICKERS, SINGLE HYDRAULIC COVER STONES, CLUSTERS OF HYDRAULIC COVER STONES All in-channel, as much as we could fit in and still provide functions listed below, all in the name of good fishing. FUNCTIONS: Provide cover for fishes, dissipate stream energy, speed current through narrow deep mini channels, divert flow, redirect, cause eddy fences, calm water, holding areas, feeding lanes, diversity & complexity of flow both vertical & horizontal, & surface disturbances

Plan Drawing for Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007 The Traffic Control Stone Wall The Fisherman’s path with a Single Stone Bendway Weir every 20 ft.

Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix-Vic DiGialomo Looking US. Lots of channels, holding water, diversity, etc. Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix-Vic DiGialomo

Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix-Vic DiGialomo Flow left to right, placing Hydraulic Cover Stones Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix-Vic DiGialomo

Post-Project-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-Oct 16, 2007, Pix-Fuhrmann Looking US @ TCS wall & HCS, Smiles & Frowns Post-Project-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-Oct 16, 2007, Pix-Fuhrmann

Post-Project-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-Oct 16, 2007, Pix-Fuhrmann Looking across & US. HCS, Smiles, Frown, Kicker Fisherman’s path being used Post-Project-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-Oct 16, 2007, Pix-Fuhrmann

Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix by Derrick For this project, it’s all about the fishing!!! Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-June 2007, Pix by Derrick

Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-Fall 2007 It’s all about the fishing!!!! Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-Fall 2007

Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-Fall 2007 It’s all about the fishing!!!! Construction-18 Mile Creek, Phase II-Fall 2007

Can you get as relaxed as this?? MY BASSETT HOUND, CLEOPHUS SPEED ELVIS DERRICK, AT REST “Based on the interagency publication, Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices, this introductory training covers: Stream corridor ecosystems and their components Ecological processes, structure & functions Characterization and analysis of stream corridors Development of a restoration plan Design, implementation, monitoring, and Integrated, iterative, adaptive, flexible approaches”.