© 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Ch. 19 - Pronoun © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

© 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Opening Activity Identify the pronouns in the following sentences. There may be more than one pronoun in each sentence. Jalen downloaded the cell phone application by himself. The application was easy to use; he played with it immediately. Jalen recommended the application to his friends; he wanted them to enjoy it too. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

© 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answers Identify the pronouns in the following sentences. There may be more than one pronoun in each sentence. Jalen downloaded the cell phone application by himself. The application was easy to use; he played with it immediately. Jalen recommended the application to his friends; he wanted them to enjoy it too. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

© 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Learning Outcomes By the time you finish reading and studying this chapter, you should be able to: Recognize and use LO1 Personal Pronouns LO2 Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement LO3 Indefinite Pronouns L04 Relative Pronouns L05 Other Pronoun Types © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

© 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Personal Pronouns Pronoun - a word that takes the place of a noun or other pronoun Personal pronoun - a pronoun that indicates whether the person is speaking, is spoken to, or is spoken about © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

© 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Personal Pronouns The case of a personal pronoun indicates how it can be used. Nominative pronouns - used as the subjects of sentences or as subject complements (following the linking verbs am, is, are, was, were, be, being, or been). I was asked to go to the coffee shop, but the person who showed-up was she. Objective pronouns - used as direct objects, indirect objects, or objects of prepositions. While on vacation, Ginger informed Geene about it. Possessive pronouns - show ownership and function as adjectives. My spelling is much worse than hers. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement Antecedent - the word that a pronoun refers to or replaces Pronoun-antecedent agreement - matching a pronoun to its antecedent in terms of person, number, and gender Agreement in person (first, second, or third person) Students study hard every day because they take their educations seriously. Each student should bring his or her assignment to class. Every student brought their assignment to class. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

© 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Indefinite Pronouns Indefinite pronoun - a pronoun that does not refer to a specific person, place, thing, or idea Singular Indefinite Pronouns Each Anyone Either No one Plural Indefinite Pronouns Both Few Several Many © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

© 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Relative Pronouns Relative Pronoun - introduces a dependent clause and relates it to the rest of the sentence. Who/Whoever and Whom/Whomever Who or whoever functions as the subject of the relative clause Whom or whomever functions as the object of the clause My stepdad, whom I’ve known for eight years, likes to do woodworking. I don’t really enjoy woodworking, but my stepdad, who lives with us, does. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

© 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Relative Pronouns That and Which When that introduces the clause, the clause is not set off with commas. When which introduces the clause, the clause is set off with commas. I have insomnia and that television doesn’t help my sleeplessness. I have insomnia and the television, which lights up the room, doesn’t help my sleeplessness. Whose - shows ownership or connection The banker, whose job was in jeopardy, started working longer hours. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

© 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Other Pronoun Types Interrogative pronoun - asks a question—who, whose, whom, which, what. Which piece of pizza is mine? Who wants to eat the anchovies? Demonstrative pronoun - points to a specific thing—this, that, these, those. Although I love to walk my dogs, those dogs wear me out! Reflexive pronoun - reflects back to the subject of a sentence or clause — myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves. I drove across state lines by myself. You should drive yourself as well. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

© 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Other Pronoun Types Intensive pronoun - emphasizes the noun or pronoun it refers to — myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves. I myself made a good decision today. Reciprocal pronoun - refers to two things in an equal way—each other, one another. While the cats sometimes scratch each other during the day, they cuddle with one another at night. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

© 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Closing Activity Develop a clear antecedent for each of the red words in the sentences below. 1. Cheryl and Blake opened the door and something was there. 2. The shoe looked scarred and scuffed, like it had been thrown around. 3. Unsure of what to do, Cheryl and Blake brought it into the house. 4. Then, they opened it up, and they were speechless. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

© 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answers Develop a clear antecedent for each of the red words in the sentences below. 1. Cheryl and Blake opened the door and there the package was. 2. The package looked scarred and scuffed, like it had been thrown around. 3. Unsure of what to do, Cheryl and Blake brought the package into the house. 4. Then, Cheryl and Blake opened the package, and they were speechless. Answers Will Vary © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.