Lubricants: Components and Specification

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Presentation transcript:

Lubricants: Components and Specification

No body knows the vehicle more than the people who put it together

Hydraulic oils

Generation, control and transmission of power using pressurized fluids Hydraulic System Generation, control and transmission of power using pressurized fluids

Function of Hydraulic Oils Heat transfer Power transfer Lubricant *Low temperature fluidity *Thermal and oxidative stability *Cleanliness and filterability *Demulsibility *Antiwear characteristics *Corrosion control

Viscosity system for Hydraulic lubricants Pour Point max. 0 C K.V (cst) at 400C Grade -30 9.0-11.0 ISO 10 -21 19.8-24.2 ISO 22 -18 28.8-35.2 ISO 32 -15 41.4-50.6 ISO 46 -12 61.2-74.8 ISO 68 90.0-110.0 ISO 100

Multigrade or Monograde?

ISO10 ISO10

Development drivers * Flow capacity * Operating pressure and mechanical stress * Reduced internal clearances * Electro-hydraulic systems continue to use electronic controls with rapid response and fine control elements * Focus on Fluid Cleanliness

Self certification approvals Types of approvals Formal approvals Self certification approvals

Performance levels

Samples for performance test

Cleanliness and Filtration Contamination is a main cause of failure. 70-75% of the failures are related to surface degradation caused by mechanical wear and, or corrosion. Fine filtration is required for Hydraulic oil •The cleanliness level of a hydraulic fluid is determined by number and size of particles in the fluid (ISO 4406 code): Example: 19/17/14

What is the meaning of 20/15/10 oil code? example What is the meaning of 20/15/10 oil code?

Gears Oils Gear oil is a lubricant made specifically for transmissions, transfer cases and differentials in automobiles, trucks and other machinery.

EP Additives Types of EP additives: 1- Temperature dependent 2- Non temperature dependent

Stages of Improvement Lead content additives Active sulfur content additives Deactive sulfur content additives Fully synthetic

Specifications Description Specification Viscosity grades SAE J306 API 1-5 API WL761 to Mil-PRF-2105E Military and SAE J2360

Viscosity classification

API service classifications * API GL1: manual transmission operating under mild conditions without friction modifier or EP additives. * API GL2+3: Inactive * API GL4: for spiral bevel gears (moderate to sever) conditions and hypoid gears under moderates load. *API GL5: for hypoid gears under high speed or high torque conditions. * API MT1: for non synchronized gears (mainly in buses and HD trucks), it is effective against: 1- Thermal degradation 2- Wear 3- Oil seal deterioration

Military classifications

Industrial gear oils Smaller gearbox Increased load and temperature Lower oil volume Higher power production

Automatic Transmission Fluids “ATF” Safety on roads

Function of “ATF” 1- Power transmission 2- Hydraulic pressure to operate clutches 3- Bearing and gear lubrication 4- Protect against friction 5- Heat removal 6- Resist thermal and oxidative degradation at high temperature To achieve that, ATF must: 1- Be shear stable 2- Flow easily at low temperatures 3- Contain additives to resist oxidation, wear, foaming,…. 4- Contain additives to improve viscosity, pour point, detergency and dispersal

History of “ATF” 1939/1940 First blend First trial ATF A+TASA types First model By GM 1939/1940 Engine oil Friction modifier First blend ATF First trial A+TASA types High gen. temperature OEMs Ford+ Chrysler+… Dexron/GM Mercon/Ford 1987

Trend of Development Dexron II: high viscosity at low temperature with friction problems Dexron III: low shear stability and high level of oxidation Dexron IIIH Dexron III/H has an oxidatively stable base oil group 2 or group 3). Oils according to this specification have longer maintenance of friction properties and anti-shrudder properties, better foam control and a longer fluid life.( Dexron IV: high cost Dexron VI: high shear stability

Drivers of Development 1- Hardware change 2- Fuel economy 3- “Fill to Life” concept

معلومات تهمك اتبع تعليمات صانعي المحركات في اختيار الزيت المناسب للمحرك مع الاخذ بعين الاعتبار ظروف التشغيل والموديل ونوع الوقود المستعمل. يوصى بعدم خلط زيوت معدنية من انواع مختلفة في المحرك الامر الذي قد يؤدي الى تفاعلات ينتج عنها تكتل الزيت في المحرك. عندما يحين موعد غيار الزيت وقبل تفريغه, ينصح بتشغيل المحرك لمسافة أو مدة كافية تضمن رفع حرارة الزيت داخل المحرك إلى درجة حرارة التشغيل وذلك لتمكين الزيت من حمل كافة الأوساخ ومخلفات التشغيل ومن ثم تفريغه مباشرة لضمان نظافة اجزاء المحرك قبل تعبئة الزيت الجديد. ويمكن عمل غسيل للمحرك بعد تفريغه من الزيت المستخدم وذلك باستخدام زيت خاص بالغسيل (flushing oil) يقوم بعض العاملين في محطات تغيير الزيوت بتقديم معلومات خاطئة للمواطنين حول الزيوت ومواصفاتها وجودتها, وهذه المعلومات لا تستند إلى مصادر علمية, ويعملون على ترويج أنواع زيوت ذات جودة منخفضة على أنها جيدة لتحقيق ربح أعلى. فاحرص على اختيار نوع وماركة الزيت المناسبين لسيارتك وعدم الاعتماد على فني محطة غيار الزيت. يعتقد بعض الناس أن تحول لون زيت المحرك بعد استخدامه في المحرك لفترة من الزمن إلى اللون الأسود هو دليل على تدني نوعية الزيت علماً بأن الزيت الجيد يحتوي على محسنات منظفة تحمل نواتج الاحتراق والترسبات, وبالتالي يتحول لونه إلى الأسود بعد وقت قصير من الاستعمال وهذا ليس عيباً في الزيت ولكنه ميزة ايجابية تدل على قيام الزيت بوظائفه وبالتالي حماية المحرك وإطالة عمره.

معلومات تهمك تقوم بعض الجهات بإنتاج زيوت تحمل اسما قريبا من الماركات المشهورة وذات السمعة الممتازة وفي عبوات مشابهة لعبوات هذه الماركات, وفي ذلك تضليل للمواطنين ومحاولة لنشر منتجاتهم في السوق بصورة غير تنافسية, فعلى المواطن توخي الحذر والانتباه الى نوع الزيت الذي يتم إضافته الى سيارته داخل المحطات. انسداد أو تلف فلتر الزيت أو الهواء يسبب زيادة في نسبة الشوائب في الزيت وبالتالي زيادة مستوى الهريان والتآكل. صيانة المحرك بشكل جيد والمحافظة على أدائه بالشكل المثالي يساعد الزيت على الاحتفاظ بخصائصه ويمكنه من القيام بوظائفه وبالتالي إطالة عمر المحرك. عند ملاحظة وجود الماء في الزيت يجب تغيير الزيت خوفا من تكون الأحماض الأكالة في الزيت. ارتدِ قفازات (كفوف) واقية عند التعامل مع الزيوت المعدنية لأن التلامس لفترة طويلة أو بشكل متكرر مع منتجات الزيوت المعدنية يسبب زوال الدهون من الجلد مما يؤدي الى جفافه وتهيجه والتهابه, وفي حال تعرض الجلد للزيوت المعدنية يجب العمل فورا على تنظيفها. ولإزالة زيت المحرك عن الجلد اغسله جيداً بالماء والصابون ولا تستعمل الديزل أو الكاز أو أي مذيب آخر للتنظيف. احرص على تجميع الزيوت وعدم سكبها في المجاري العامة وذلك للمحافظة على البيئة.

شكراً ,,,,