Determinants of Carbon Benefits for Transatlantic Wood Pellet Trade Puneet Dwivedi, PhD Assistant Professor (Sustainability Sciences) Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Madhu Khanna1 and Robert Abt2 1University of Illinois | 2North Carolina State University University of California – Berkeley June 01, 2017

Outline of the Presentation Introduction Objective Perspectives Stand Level Landscape Level Scenarios Results Discussions and Conclusion

Wood Pellets 101 Wood Pallet Wood Pellet

Global Industrial Pellet Demand

Global Industrial Pellet Demand

Global Industrial Pellet Demand

Introduction

Introduction

Objective

Stand and Landscape Perspectives Source: http://www.sierraforestlegacy.org/FC_FireForestEcology/FFE_IndustrialForestlands.php

C Emissions – Stand Level Perspective 1000 kWh of electricity in the United Kingdom 622 kg of Wood pellets are needed (34% conversion efficiency, CV = 17 MJ/kg, MC = 5%) Biogenic Emissions 295 kg of C is released OR 1085 kg of CO2 is released 1085 g CO2/kWh of electricity generated Non-Biogenic Emissions (Manufacturing and Transportation of Wood pellets) 190 g CO2/kWh of electricity generated Total Emissions = Biogenic Emissions + Non-Biogenic Emissions = 1085 + 190 g CO2/kWh of electricity generated = 1275 g CO2/kWh of electricity generated from wood pellets 1048 g CO2/kWh of electricity generated from coal Electricity derived from Wood pellets is WORSE than Coal by 21%

C Emissions - Landscape Perspective Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 … Year 26

C Emissions – Landscape Perspective

C Emissions – Landscape Perspective 1000 kWh of electricity in the United Kingdom 622 kg of Wood pellets are needed (34% conversion efficiency, CV = 17 MJ/kg, MC = 5%) Biogenic Emissions 295 kg of C is released OR 1085 kg of CO2 is released 1085 g CO2/kWh of electricity generated Non-Biogenic Emissions (Manufacturing and Transportation of Wood pellets) 190 g CO2/kWh of electricity generated Total Emissions = Biogenic Emissions + Non-Biogenic Emissions = 1085 + 190 g CO2/kWh of electricity generated = 190 g CO2/kWh of electricity generated from wood pellets 1048 g CO2/kWh of electricity generated from coal Electricity derived from Wood pellets is BETTER than Coal by 80%

C Emissions – Landscape Perspective

Scenarios Potential Changes in Roundwood Utilization Treatment of Logging Residues Leaving Logging Residues on the Field Dumping Logging Residues in the Landfill

Roundwood Utilization: BAU

Roundwood Utilization: BIO-LR

Roundwood Utilization: BIO-LR+PW

Roundwood Utilization: BIO-ALL

Loblolly Growth and Yield Model

Loblolly Growth and Yield Model Loblolly Pine (Thin = 13 years, harvest = 25 years)

C Balance – Stand Level Perspective

C Balance – Stand Level Perspective

C Balance – Landscape Level Perspective

C Balance – Landscape Level Perspective

Overall Carbon Balance

Logging Residues Savings are reported based on an unit of natural gas based electricity.

Natural Forests vs Plantation Forests

Natural Forests vs Plantation Forests

Discussions and Conclusion

Discussions and Conclusion Net Present Value Pulpwood and Logging Residues Prices have to Increase

Discussions and Conclusion

Thanks! Email: puneetd@uga.edu Phone: 706-542-2406