The Civil War 1861-1865 This Power Point presentation accompanies the Mastering the Grade 8 Social Studies TEKS book by Jarrett, Zimmer, and Killoran, Chapter 13 The Civil War, 1861-1865

The Civil War Begins

Birth of the Confederacy South Carolina seceded from the Union as soon as Lincoln became President. 6 other states soon followed. These states formed the Confederate States of America and elected Jefferson Davis as its President. Davis said: that the South was acting on the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence. He stated that it is the right of the people to abolish the government. He also said the South had no desire for open conflict with the North. Since the South was agricultural and the North industrial there were no grounds for conflict. Based on Davis’s statements do you think the South expected a war with the North?

Lincoln’s 1st Inaugural Address Given 3 weeks after Davis’s statement. Stated that the government would not interfere with slavery in the South. Said that the Constitution was based on the idea that the “Union was perpetual and no state could leave the Union.” He said the he would do his utmost to preserve the Union, including the use of force. Said the Constitution could not be legally cancelled without an agreement of all the states. How is Lincoln’s statements different from those of Jefferson Davis?

Firing on Fort Sumter 1st battle of the Civil War April 12, 1861 Fort Sumter was a federal fort. When South Carolina seceded the troops had no way to get food and supplies. Confederate forces attacked the fort. Union forces surrendered. On April 15 Lincoln asked the states to provide troops to put down the rebellion. This caused 4 more states to join the Confederacy. Jefferson Davis stated that the South did not want war with the North. What changed, why did they attack Fort Sumter?

Civil War Map

The Course of the War

Based on the chart, which side would be best suited for a long term war? Why?

Based on this information which side had a clear advantage?

Wartime Strategies North South Anaconda Plan: surround and strangle the south like a snake. Naval blockade of the South to stop them from getting supplies. Also kept the South from exporting cotton. Also sent forces to capture the Mississippi River in order to split the Confederacy. South Focus on defense. Show the world that the South was fighting to defend their homeland. Tried to get support from Europe. Drag out the war and make the North tire of fighting. Had the best generals in the war.

Lincoln’s Leadership Picked the best advisors for his Cabinet, even though some did not agree with him. Tried to reassure the South. Get the war going when the North failed to have a quick victory. Took steps to support the war: Conscription Naval blockade Use of paper money Arrests of suspected rebels Fired unsuccessful generals Would the media today be positive or negative toward Lincoln? Explain your answer.

Early Campaigns Both sides hoped for a quick victory. Battle of Manassas: July 1861 30,000 Union soldiers 22,000 Confederate soldiers The Union was forced to retreat Battle of Antietam September 1862 Bloodiest 1 day of the war 6000 killed stalemate Who would have the advantage in a long war, the North or the South?

Emancipation Proclamation 1862 Used the battle of Antietam as a springboard for the speech. Freed the slaves in the rebellious southern states, not the border states. Refocused the war as a war on slavery. Helped to keep Britain and France out of the war since they were opposed to slavery. Disrupted agriculture in the South when slaves began escaping. Why were the slaves in the border states not freed?

1863: The Turning Point of the War The Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1963 After 3 days of heavy fighting the South, under Robert E Lee was forced to retreat. The South was never again able to take the offensive against the North. Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the Union cemetery later that year. In his 2 minute speech he explained the meaning of the Civil War.

1863: The Turning Point of the War The Battle of Vicksburg The Union had captured New Orleans and were working their way up the Mississippi River. Vicksburg surrendered to Union General Ulysses Grant the day after Gettysburg, July 4, 1863. This split the Confederacy into and cut off the supply lines to the eastern part of the Confederacy. Explain the importance of Gettysburg and Vicksburg to the Union.

The Presidential Election of 1864 Lincoln v. George McClellan Lincoln won 55% of the vote There had been some criticism of Lincoln in his handling of the war and because of the Emancipation Proclamation. In his 2nd Inaugural Address he discussed the sin of slavery and the selfishness of the South to go to war instead of give up its slaves. How would we remember Lincoln if he had lost the election of 1864?

The War Comes to and End After 1863 Grant was placed in charge of the entire Union army. Union General Sherman began waging war on the South’s economy. As he drove his army across the South he destroyed railroads, telegraph lines, and burned farms, businesses, and homes and took supplies away from Southerners. In April of 1865 General Robert E Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia. On April 15, 1865 while attending a play at Ford’s Theater President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln had planned on working with the South to restore the Union in a more forgiving way than what actually occurred.