Debunking Car Dependency © Dr Jennifer Bonham Geographical and Environmental Studies University of Adelaide

Hapless Victims Agents of Change Hapless victims of predatory interests pushing ‘automobiles’’ – car companies, transport planners, urban planners Cartoon by Andy Singer http://s7d4.scene7.com/is/image/Gaiam/21-0397?$larg

Private Dwellings without a Motor Vehicle: Adelaide LGAs 2006 Percent Local Government Areas Source: ABS 2008 Census 2006 Basic Community Profile

Individuals without access to a car Individuals who don’t want to use a car for every journey they make Individuals who regularly travel by bike (or small wheeled vehicle), public transport, on foot Attention is drawn to the car user and all other travellers are obscured from view We need to place ‘active travellers’ at the centre value

Journeys by Bicycle (% of total journeys) Country City 1 – 2% Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States Adelaide, Melbourne 5 - <10% Germany Canberra 10% - <20% Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland Davis (US) 20%+ Netherlands Cambridge (UK) Freiberg (Germany) Adapted from: Horton, Rosen & Cox 2007 ‘Cycling & Society’, London: Ashsgate

Journey-to-work by bicycle: Adelaide SLAs 2006 Persons Males Females

Persons Males Females

Macro Urban Context - City size, layout, densities, diversity Population densities Employment densities, diversity Retail densities Land use diversity

Cycling Context East Parade Perth Swanston St Melbourne King William Rd Adelaide Goodwood Rd Adelaide

Socio-economic characteristics – regression analysis Occupation Managers and Professional Males (positive) Females (positive) Technical and Trades Males (negative) Females (negative) Income $1000/week+ (positive) Education Diploma & University (positive) Household type Proportion of population 14 years and under (negative)

Percent Population J-t-W by Bike Percent Population 14 Years & Under

Local Government Policies Documentary Analysis Bicycle Plan Transport Plan Strategic Plans Development Plans Environmental Strategy Community Plan Business Plan Travel Smart Recreation and Sport strategy Annual Report Cycling projects

Strategies and policies Set goals for Active Travel (% of journeys, bike education, cycle networks) ‘Active Travel’ contributions in lieu of car parking ‘De- prioritise’ motor vehicles on the streets – progressively move toward all streets being shared spaces Data collection and research (across local governments) Development Plans Desired greater use of cycling Requirements for secure, undercover cycle parking Developments which have regard to cycling access and cyclist safety Zone specific reductions in car parking requirements (i.e. in medium-high density areas)

Recognise active and affordable travel rather than car dependency: circulate the alternative view that not everyone owns, has access to or wants to use a car for every journey they make Gain better understanding of intra-urban variations in cycling at a fine spatial scale Assert the legitimacy and importance of cycling through strong cycling policies