Matter

Matter Def: Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). 3 states of matter Solid: has definite shape and volume, particles are tightly packed, move little Liquid: takes shape of container, has a definite volume, particles less tight, more movement Gas: takes shape of container, has indefinite volume, particles are far apart, fast movement (Vapor is the gas of a substance liquid at RT)

Matter All Matter is divided into 2 categories 1. Substances Pure composition, distinct properties 2. Mixture of substances Composition and properties vary with proportion of substances mixed

Two types of Substances Elements Compounds Same type of atom Sorted in the PT Simplest substance, cannot be broken down further Only nuclear methods can change one element into another Chemical combination of 2 or more atoms Ex. Water, H2O Carbon dioxide, CO2 Macromolecules Carbs, Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins

Mixtures: Physical blend of 2 or more substances B. Heterogeneous A. Homogeneous Different properties when sampled from different areas Ex. Oil and water Sand and water granite Often has distinct phases Identical properties throughout the mixture Salt water Koolaid They are also called Solutions (homogeneous chemical liquid mix)

How to separate substances from Homogeneous Mixture A. Distillation/ Evaporation B. Chromatography Separation by boiling pt

How to separate substances from Heterogeneous Mixture Filtration By hand Sieves

Change – Chemical vs. Physical Chemical Change- Chem. REACTION Rx Physical Change One or more substances change into one or more new substances Key words: React, burn, rot, decompose, rust, corrode, explosions The physical properties of a substance changes, chemical composition does not Key words: Melt, freeze, condense, boil, mix, stir, break, split, cut

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