THINGS YOU SHOULD AND SHOULDN’T DO IN LAB. LAB PROCEDURES THINGS YOU SHOULD AND SHOULDN’T DO IN LAB.

LAB BOTTLES RETURN stock bottles to side shelf as quickly as possible. - Do not dispense chemicals at the side shelf . Replace CAP immediately and securely. - do not leave caps on table or put on different bottle. Demo. rolling motion using sulfur

LAB BOTTLES Never dip SPATULA or PIPETTE into stock bottle. Never return EXCESS MATERIAL to stock bottle. Use a ROLLING MOTION to get a small amount of solid from a stock bottle.

LAB BOTTLES Take SMALL AMOUNTS of chemicals - don’t waste. Demo. rolling motion using sulfur

DISPOSAL OF WASTE SOLUBLE, HARMLESS substs. - wash down the drain with lots of water. ACIDS - neutralize in washing soda soln. and put down drain. HARMFUL CHEMICALS - put in special, marked containers provided. Demo. neutralization or acid. Show waste containers - white bucket - example for harmful material container - pop can for matches

DISPOSAL OF WASTE BROKEN GLASS and HARMLESS INSOLUBLE SOLIDS - in waste bucket - no paper. PAPER - in proper trash can - NO GLASS in trash can. MATCHES - in soda (pop) cans. Demo. neutralization or acid. Show waste containers - white bucket - example for harmful material container - pop can for matches

LEARN PROPER NAMES OF ALL APPARATUS.

BUNSEN BURNERS Learn to LIGHT AND ADJUST different burners properly. - Blue flame with 2 cones. - 5 - 8 cm, little or no roaring. Use FISHER BURNERS only where high temp. is needed. Become familiar with a VARIETY OF BURNERS. Demo lighting Bunsen burner and fisher burner Use a variety of burners and show how to adjust.

MANIPULATION OF GLASS TUBING A. Cutting Make 1 scratch with a triangular file. Protect your hands with paper towel. Point scratch away from yourself and others. Pull ends toward you in a quick snapping motion. Fire polish both ends. Demo cutting and fire polishing.

MANIPULATION OF GLASS TUBING B. BENDING Use wing tip (flame spreader). Heat evenly entire area to be bent. Remove from flame and bend slowly. Place hot glass on ceramic tile. Demo glass bending

MANIPULATION OF GLASS TUBING HOT GLASS AND COLD GLASS LOOK THE SAME!! Demo glass bending

HEATING A TEST TUBE HOLD near the top with a test tube holder. Don’t allow the FLAME to touch the holder. FILL test tube less than half full. Demo heating a test tube containing water.

HEATING A TEST TUBE SLANT test tube. POINT test tube away from others. MOVE test tube in flame - Constant Motion. Heat BELOW the surface of the liquid. Demo heating a test tube containing water.

HEATING A TEST TUBE Know the difference between BOIL and HEAT. Demo heating a test tube containing water.

POURING LIQUIDS Hold at ARMS LENGTH. Pour OVER SINK. RINSE outside of bottle when finished. Pouring from REAGENT BOTTLE, hold lip to lip. Demo pouring water from reagent bottle to test tube, from test tube to test tube and from beaker to test tube using stirring rod.

POURING LIQUIDS Pouring from TEST TUBES, hold lip to lip. Use a STIRRING ROD when pouring from a beaker. Demo pouring water from reagent bottle to test tube, from test tube to test tube and from beaker to test tube using stirring rod.

USING FILTER PAPER WITH FUNNEL Fold paper in fourths. Open so paper resembles a cone. Place paper in funnel so that 1 cm of funnel is exposed. Wet paper with solvent (usually water). Show how to set up funnel apparatus.

USING A FUNNEL Use funnelaire, filter rack, or iron ring to support funnel. Make sure stem of funnel is touching side of beaker. Show how to filter using water and sand. Show decanting.

USING A FUNNEL Keep filter filled to about 1cm from top of filter paper. Show how to filter using water and sand. Show decanting.

TRANSFERRING SOLIDS If transferring a small amount, use a spatula. Remember never dip into stock bottle. Show how to use spatula by first putting solid on weighing paper. Show how to transfer solid to test tube by rolling weighing paper. Show how to transfer solid to test tube by creasing weighing paper and pouring solid down fold.

TRANSFERRING SOLIDS If transferring larger amounts use a small piece of paper. Put solid on paper. Roll paper or fold in half to pour solid. Show how to use spatula by first putting solid on weighing paper. Show how to transfer solid to test tube by rolling weighing paper. Show how to transfer solid to test tube by creasing weighing paper and pouring solid down fold.

DETECTING ODORS Use a wafting motion to detect odors. Never deeply inhale fumes. Never put your face directly over chemicals to detect odors. Demo wafting.

INSERTING GLASS TUBING INTO RUBBER STOPPER Find stopper with proper size hole. Should fit snugly. Lubricate tubing and stopper with glycerin or water. Don’t use too much. Demo inserting glass tubing and thistle tube into a rubber stopper.

INSERTING GLASS TUBING INTO RUBBER STOPPER Insert with twisting motion. Don’t push too hard. End of tubing should be below the level of the liquid. Demo inserting glass tubing and thistle tube into a rubber stopper.

DECANTING Decanting - Pouring a liquid off of a settled solid. Use a stirring rod. Pour slowly. Decanting was shown with filtering.

USING TEST PAPERS Never dip test papers into liquid. Place test paper on glass square. Using a clean stirring rod, place a drop of liquid to be tested on paper. Demo use of litmus and CoCl2 paper. Show how to dry paper.

USING TEST PAPERS Litmus paper is used to test for acid or base. Cobalt chloride paper is used to test for the presence of water. Must be dry (blue) before use. Demo use of litmus and CoCl2 paper. Show how to dry paper.

HEATING CRUCIBLES, EVAPORATING DISHES, and any other porcelain or ceramic apparatus should be heated using a pipe-stem triangle as a support. Show how to heat glassware and ceramics.

HEATING BEAKERS, FLASKS, and other glassware should be heated using a wire gauze as a support. Show how to heat glassware and ceramics.

CLEAN UP SEE “Good Housekeeping” HANDOUT. Keeping your area clean is your responsibility. Always WASH HANDS before leaving lab. Go over “Good Housekeeping” hand out. Show where lotion is.

ALWAYS BE SAFE!!!