TITLE Types of microphones.

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Presentation transcript:

TITLE Types of microphones

TOPIC : TYPES OF MICROPHONES SUBJECT AUDIO & VIDEO SYSTEMS POWERPOINT PRESENTATION AS A PART OF ALA SUBMISSION TOPIC : TYPES OF MICROPHONES BY : NAME : SHUBHAM A. KANORIA ENROLL : 131080111004 DEPT : E.C. SEMESTER : 5TH ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION Microphones A microphone is a type of transducer. Early microphones were invented for communication purposes. Later modifications were made to design as the microphone was used more in entertainment industry. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

Different Types of Microphones Types of Microphones discussed : Dynamic Condenser/Capacitor Electret Ribbon ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DYNAMIC MIC Dynamic: a coil of wire attached to a diaphragm suspended in a magnetic field. Sound waves vibrate diaphragm, coil vibrates in magnetic field and generates a electrical signal similar to sound wave ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION Description Tends to have rougher response Rugged and reliable Handles heat, cold, and high humidity Preferred for high SPL: guitar amps, drums If flat response, can take the “edge” off sounds (woodwinds, brass) ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION Advantages Relatively cheap Rugged. Can be easily miniaturized. Disadvantages The uniformity of response to different frequencies does not match that of the ribbon or condenser microphones. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION CONDENSER/CAPACITOR MIC Sometimes called capacitor mic. 2 parts: conductive diaphragm and metal backplate, spaced very close together Both charged with static electricity When sound waves strike diaphragm, it vibrates, varying the spacing between the plates This variation generates a similar signal to incoming sound wave Diaphragm mass is lower, responds faster to rapidly changing sound waves (transients) ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION Description Condenser mics need external power supply (battery or phantom power) Phantom power: 12 to 48 volts supplied through XLR cable Most mixers have a switch to turn on phantom power ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION Wide, smooth frequency response Detailed sound, Extended Highs Omni type has excellent low-frequency response Transient attacks sharp and clear Preferred for acoustic instruments, cymbals, studio vocals Can be miniaturized ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION Advantages Best overall frequency response Best Transient Response Disadvantages Expensive May pop and crack when miked close Requires a battery or external power supply ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ELECTRET CONDENSER MICROPHONE The electret condenser mic uses a special type of capacitor which has a permanent voltage built in during manufacture. This is somewhat like a permanent magnet, in that it doesn't require any external power for operation. good electret condenser mics usually include a pre-amplifier which does still require power. Other than this difference, you can think of an electret condenser microphone as being the same as a normal condenser. Still require a built in amplifier (transistor) Powered with a battery housed in the casing. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION RIBBON MIC Thin metal foil or ribbon is suspended in a magnetic field Sound waves vibrate the ribbon in the field and generate a electrical signal ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION Description Prized for its warm, smooth tone quality Delicate, damaged by temperature and humidity changes Complements digital recording Expensive ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION Advantages Adds "warmth" to the tone by accenting lows when close-miked. Disadvantages Accenting lows sometimes produces "boomy" bass Very susceptible to wind noise. Not suitable for outside use unless very well shielded. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

MICROPHONE PICKUP PATTERNS Pickup patterns help to reduce unwanted signal from getting pickups Popular patterns: Monodirectional, Bidirectional, Cardioid, and Omnidirectional ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION THANK YOU ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION