Relationship Analysis of Mental Workload and Potential of Human Error in Transjakarta Bus Driver Dian Mardi Safitri, Pudji Astuti, Nora Azmi, Atika Desy Aryani Laboratory of Work System Design and Ergonomics, Department of Industrial Engineering, Trisakti University Jakarta, Indonesia

Acknowledgement This research is a part of a Leading Research University grant that funded by Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia 2016, no. of agreement 039/A/LPT/USAKTI/X/2016

(Haro & Brian M Kleiner, 2008) Transportation accident took second place in the ranking cause of death (Haro & Brian M Kleiner, 2008) 73% transportation accident in Indonesia is caused by human error ( Indonesian National Transportation Safety Commission, 2016). Human factor, vehicle, and road condition leads to road accident (Safitri, Malinda, Azmi, & Astuti, 2015). Cognitive factor such as distraction is also leads to accident. (Zheng, Qu, Zhang, & Ge, 2016).

There have been 33 accidents in year 2014 and 21 accidents in 2015 What ‘s happened in Transjakarta? There have been 33 accidents in year 2014 and 21 accidents in 2015

The Roadmap 2014 2015 2016 Year Focus of research Methods Object Model of Mental Workload Assessment Nasa TLX, Sugeno Fuzzy Inferrence System Transjakarta: corridor 2 (Pulogadung - Harmoni) corridor 3 (Kalideres - Pasar Baru) Working Conditions Assessment Physiological and Biomechanical Approach Identification of Transjakarta Bus Driver's Human Error Systematic Human Error Reduction method and Prediction Analysis (SHERPA) Ergonomics Intervention to Reduce Transjakarta Driver's Human Error Design of Ergonomics Intervention 2015 Ergonomics Intervention to Reduce Bus Driver's Physical Workload Warning Display Design for Bus Cockpit to Minimize The Driver's Error Bahavior Product Design Redesign of Bus Driver’s Cabin Transjakarta corridor 9 (Pinang Ranti - Pluit) 2016 Model of Investigation System to Reduce Driver's Human Error Systematic Human Error Reduction method and Prediction Analysis (SHERPA) , Fault Tree Analysis Relationship Analysis of Mental Workload and Potential of Human Error in Transjakarta Bus Driver Statistical Analysis Transjakarta all corridor operated by PT. Transportasi Jakarta The Roadmap

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between mental workload and the potential human error on Transjakarta bus drivers

Methodology 1. Task breakdown using Task analysis for error identification (TAFEI) 4. Predict the significant relationship between mental workload and potential human error using linear regression 2. The potential human error was observed in the activity before, during, and after bus operation. 5. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique was used to test hypotheses that compare more than two means of human errors potential and mental workload 3. Predict the level of mental workload of the drivers using NASA-TLX and fuzzy inference system (FIS) 6. Propose ergonomics improvement to solve the problem

Task breakdown using Task analysis for error identification While Operating Driving Maintaining the speed on 50 km/hour Obeying traffic rule Maintaining the concentration during driving Obeying the standard operating procedure Skillfully driving Stopping bus at the shelter Decelerating when heading to shelter Braking and ensuring that the bus is 10-15 cm far from the shelter side Positioning the bus door properly sharp on the shelter door Passenger loading and unloading Pressing the pneumatic control to open the door Ensure that all the passenger has arrived or departed Pressing the pneumatic control to close the door Refueling gas Stopping the bus at the gas station Refueling the gas Waiting the refueling process Taking a break to release fatigue during the gas refueling Before Operating Taking the operation authorization letter Setting the bus on Checking the bus Checking the body of the bus Checking the tires condition Checking the brake function Checking the pneumatic door Reporting to the security officer Clocking out Taking the fire extinguishers After Operating Driving back to the bus pool Reporting the operation authorization letter Reporting the problem occurred during the trip Returning the operation authorization letter

Identification of potential human error before, while and after operating Human Error Classification Before Operating While Operating After Operating Rule-Based Mistake Ignore small damages on the bus Late for closing or opening the pneumatic door Ignore to write if there any damage after operating Ignore the brake condition if its already broke and keep operating the bus Didn't decrease speed maximum while entering bus stop Ignore to make a report about the damages after operating Didn't stop the bus in the traffic lamp or behind the stop line Didn't make a report about pneumatic door that can be used Closing the pneumatic door too fast Human Error Classification Before Operating While Operating After Operating Memory-Based Lapse Forget to do routine check to the tires Forget to ensure speed maximum while driving Forget to return the procedures letter Forget to do routine check to the brake Forget to decrease the speed while entering the bus stop because of lack of concentration Forget to do routine check to the pneumatic doors Forget to ensure the space from the bus stop to the bus door Forget to obey the traffic light or traffic rules Forget to report if there's damage with the bus Forget to take fire extinguishers Forget to ensure and check as the passengers enter or out the bus Human Error Classification Before Operating While Operating After Operating Action-Based Slip Write a wrong account, if there're any damages, on the procedure letter Press a wrong door button Write a wrong account if there any damages Wrong in timing to brake before entering the bus stop Write a wrong time out account Wrongly pedal braking while heading to the bus stop

Human Error Potential of Transjakarta Driver

Mental Workload of Transjakarta Driver

Regression analysis result there’s no significant relationship of mental workload with the potential of human error in the case of Transjakarta Busway driver.

One-way ANOVA Test Result There’s a significant differences between human error and mental workload based on the tenure groups

Preventing potential human error through the mental workload can’t be significantly completed. However, the potential for human error and mental workload experienced by driver was high enough to be the trigger work-related errors that could lead to accidents

Participatory ergonomics Zero-accident Total Participation program

future research Future research needs a deep study and analysis to the psychological behavior of Indonesian people. Cognitive and psychological behavior of Indonesian driver need to be studied, to analyze whether they behave differently from other people in other country

Conclusion Study on Transjakarta bus driver delivers an initial knowledge that need to deeply analyze about the effect mental workload to the potential human error The tenure of driver’s effect on the potential human error is an interesting finding Effect mental workload to the potential human error of driver is needed to be analyzed more in the future research.