IPC-XII Symposium, Sep28-Oct16, 2015 Solar Radiation measurement in China An overview Ding Lei China Meteorological Administration ( CMA) IPC-XII Symposium, Sep28-Oct16, 2015

National Radiation Network in China Outline National Radiation Network in China Calibration

National Radiation Network in China (since 1957) Motivation: Climate change Solar energy resources 10 stations’ data (global, diffuse, sunshine duration) transmitted to WRDC every half a year. Type of station GHI DHI DNI RSW NET First class (17) √ Second class (33) Third class (48) RSW: Reflected shortwave radiation; Pyranometer & Pyrheliometer: ISO 9060 second class

Additional Radiation Network —— GAW stations Shangdianzi Longfengshan Waliguan Linan Network Location Parameter GHI ventilation Reflected Irradiance DNI DHI DLW ULW UV PAR Tracker GAW Station (4 sites) ShangDianZi PSP NIP 8-48 PIR UVS-B-T / SWT LinAn CMP21 CHP1 CG4 Brewer 2AP LongFengShan WaLiGuan (Global)

Baseline Radiation Station Additional Radiation Network — National Baseline Radiation Stations (since 2007) High quality instruments Froced ventilation to induce the thermal offset Sun tracker Network Location Parameter GHI ventilation Reflected Irradiance DNI DHI DLW ULW UV PAR Tracker Baseline Radiation Station (7 sites) XiLinHaoTe CMP22 CMP21 CHP1 CGR4 UVS-AB-T 2AP ShangDianZi、MoHe、Xu Chang、WenJiang、DaLi、YanQi CMP11 IR02 Li-cor FS-ST22

National Baseline Radiation Station — Xilinhaote (since 2007) Reflected irradiance, 10 m

National Center for Meteorological Metrology (NCMM) Beijing, China Established since 1950s Calibration Laboratory of Solar and Terrestrial Radiation Mission: Maintains the national standard group Trace to IPC or RPC every 5 years NSG intercomparison once a year Transfers to 7 provincial meteorological metrology agencies nationwide National comparison (NPC) once every 2 years Calibration service Calibration interval : 1~2 years

Annual internal pyrheliometer Comparison to ensure the consistency with WRR

National Center for Meteorological Metrology (NCMM) Beijing, China Established since 1950s Calibration Laboratory of Solar and Terrestrial Radiation On the roof Lijiang, Yunnan Province Gucheng ,Hebei Province Calibration Outfields

National Pyrheliometer Comparison(NPC) once every 2 years in China 10 days duration or at least 4 sunny days Last NPC was held from Nov.27 to Dec.6 2014 at Lijiang, Yunnan.

National Pyrheliometer Comparison(NPC) once every 2 years in China

Trace to NSG Once every 1 year Diffuse Radiation Standard Group Three PSP before 2006 Four CMP22 Pyranometer after 2006 Trace to NSG Once every 1 year

Long-wave Standard Group Two CG4 and one PIR pyrgeometer CG4 pyrgeometer trace to WISG since 2005

Solar simulator for Performance test Test indoors: Directional response Non-linearity Tilt response Temperature response

Thank you for your attention!