G225 Final Exam Study Guide Metamorphism – Metasomatism Contact versus regional; tectonic environments Textures and rock types Mineralogy; index minerals; grade Metamorphic facies; “small” and “large” Paired belts Al2SiO5 polymorphs Reactions; P-T assessment

Soil Formation Rock Cycle Ores Factors; climate,parent material,vegetation,topography,time Soil orders Soil profiles; textures; compositions Eh-ph controls; laterites and bauxites Clay minerals Rock Cycle Ores Magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE; sulfide immiscibility Hydrothermal ores; magmatic, meteoric, and sea water origins

Mineralogy Igneous Petrology Silicate mineral classification and atomic structure Coordination numbers and radius ratio principle Exsolution Twinning Polytypism Igneous Petrology Generation of magmas; where and why Bowen’s Reaction Series Fractionation trends and mechanisms; source, path, and evolution Tholeiitic versus calc-alkaline trends Rock types and textures Viscosity and gas content Effects of water

Sedimentary Petrology Sedimentary environments Weathering; mechanical and chemical Sediment transport; sorting; maturity Diagenesis Rock types and textures Sedimentary facies Clastic versus biochemical versus chemical processes Carbonate Compensation Depth Limestone Dolomite Evaporites Banded Iron Formations

Chemical Weathering Oxidation-reduction pH controls Hydration Hydrolysis Carbonation Clay genesis