Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition

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Presentation transcript:

Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition Review 4 Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition

Weathering- Breakdown of rocks into particles called Sediment Weathering occurs when rocks are exposed to: 1. Atmosphere 2. Hydrosphere 3. Living things

TYPES OF WEATHERING 1. Physical - Breakdown of rock into smaller pieces without chemical change. EXAMPLES: a) Root Action: Plant roots grow through cracks and break the rock.

b) Frost Action water freezes and expands in cracks b) Frost Action water freezes and expands in cracks. As this happens over and over again the rock breaks. c) Exfoliation: surface of the rock “peels” off.

d) Abrasion: When rocks or sediments rub against another rock ex: sandblasting

2. Chemical - Breakdown of rock by chemical action that results in a change in mineral composition EXAMPLES: a) Oxidation - When elements in the rock react with O2 (oxygen) Fe (iron) + O2 (oxygen) = | Fe2O2 (iron oxide or rust)

b) HYDRATION- When elements in the rock react with H2O (water- the “universal dissolver”) Feldspar (common mineral) + H2O = Clay Clay = fine particles that are usually wet

c) CARBONATION- When elements are dissolved by acid rain. Carbon Dioxide + Water = Carbonic Acid or Sulfur Dioxide + Water = Sulfuric acid Example: Marble grave stone dissolved by acid rain

PRODUCTS OF WEATHERING Weathering results in four types of sediment: 1. Solid sediment - sand and pebbles. 2. Colloids clay sized particles (small sediment) 3. Ions - Particles dissolved in water (salty oceans) 4. Soil - a mixture of sediment and organic matter

O=dark organic layer  A= topsoil, highly weathered rock mixed   with organically rich material B=Subsoil, less organic material and  weathered rock C-weathered rock and parent material D- Bedrock base.

Deposition I. Deposition is the process by which sediments are RELEASED, SETTLED FROM, or DROPPED from an erosional system.

II. Factors that Affect Rate of D A. Size 1. Larger sediments will settle FASTER. [Think of the ESRT! Bigger sediments are harder to carry.]

What happens to particle size? Why?

the movement of weathered material EROSION What is erosion? the movement of weathered material

Greatest FORCE Greatest AGENT water gravity

carving out V-shaped valleys? What agent of erosion is responsible for carving out V-shaped valleys? Figure 11.10 A steep mountain stream eroded a V-shaped valley into soft shale in the Canadian Rockies. running water

carving out U-shaped valleys? What agent of erosion is responsible for carving out U-shaped valleys? glaciers

Meandering Streams

Where is erosion greatest? Outside of Curve

Where does the river flow fastest? Center down from surface