URINARY/EXCRETORY SYSTEM Chapter 20 URINARY/EXCRETORY SYSTEM

State Standards 47) Design a concept map of the structures of the urinary system, complete with associated explanations of the functions of each structure. Predict possible complications for each structure and outline methods to prevent the complications. 48) Identify the internal and external anatomy of the kidney. Analyze the blood supply that is required for functioning, the physiology of the nephrons, the process by which urine is formed, the pathways for excretion in males and females, and the chemical and nervous system control of urinary secretion. 49) **Investigate how the urinary system interacts with other body systems. Provide descriptions of the anatomy and physiology involved and possible complications that might arise with an imbalance. 50) **Research the pathophysiology and abnormal anatomy and/or physiology surrounding diseases, disorders, and/or syndromes of the urinary system. Explain how these abnormalities can affect one’s physical health, outlining signs and symptoms, underlying causation, clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures, evaluation, and treatment. Differentiate between the diseases in a pediatric, adult, and elderly person.

Objectives Students will describe the structure and function of the organs in the urinary system through the creation of a concept map Students will explore the structure of the kidney through a dissection. Students will demonstrate knowledge of the urinary system through creation of a working 3D urinary system model Students will describe common urinary system diseases and disorders through creation of a presentation.

The urinary system and homeostasis The urinary system sustains homeostasis by eliminating wastes from the body, and by filtering the blood to maintain proper acidity levels, and metabolites and electrolyte levels within the body. © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Body Systems Related to Urinary Blood vessels and lymph vessels transport waste products to the excretory organs. Discussion: Applying what you know about the different body systems, which ones work in conjunction with the Urinary system? © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Organs of the Urinary System Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

FUNCTIONS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM Excretion Aid in maintaining acid-base balance Secretion of waste in urine Elimination of urine from bladder © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Kidneys Bean shaped organs Rest high in the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity. Right kidney is slightly lower Discussion: Applying your directional terms, describe the kidneys anatomical position. Why would the right kidney be slightly lower than the left? Think about what else is located on the right side.

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Kidney Each kidney and its blood vessels are enclosed in a mass of fat called the adipose capsule. 2 layers of the kidney Cortex- outer (reddish brown, contains millions of nephrons) Medulla- inner layer (red) contains renal pyramids Research: With a partner find what the indentation where the vessels, nerves, and ureter enter the kidney.

What makes up a kidney? Nephron- basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. located in the cortex

Pathway to form Urine Glomerulus—Bowman’s capsule--now it’s called filtrate (blood minus red blood cells)--continues through the proximal tubule--loop of Henle-distal tubule--collecting tubule (99% of filtrate has been reabsorbed)--1 ml of urine per minute is created.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Discussion With a partner discuss…. If 1 ml of urine is created per minute, how much urine would you create in 24 hours? Why would our body reabsorb 99% of the fluid going through our kidneys? © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Urinary Excretion Control Under both chemical and nervous control Nervous- action of nerve impulses on the blood vessels connected to the kidneys and stimulation of endocrine glands to secrete hormones Chemical-ADH secreted by the hypothalamus increases the size of pores in the distal tubule (so more water is reabsorbed) Determined by the amount of salt in the body. Increase salt, increases amount of fluid reabsorbed

Urinary Output Average urinary output is between 1,000 to 2,000 ml/24 hours Discussion: what factor will affect how much urine output an individual has? Urine output, color, clarity, odor, and presence of cells, bacteria, and acidity are assessed by healthcare professionals to determine urinary health. Discussion: What is this procedure called?

Ureters Urine exits the kidneys through the renal pelvis to the ureters. Ureters carry urine from the ureter to the bladder. Long and narrow less than ¼ inch wide Made of smooth muscles Discussion: Why would they be made of muscle? Applying what your know about the different types of muscles, which type would the ureter be?

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© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Bladder Hollow muscular organ Involuntary muscle Stores the urine Muscles contract and force the urine through the urethra and the urethral meatus. Research: How much urine can your bladder hold before your become uncomfortable? Discussion: Applying your anatomical terms, describe the location of the bladder in comparison to the kidneys. © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Urethra Male vs. Female © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Activity In a small group you will be creating an urinary system concept map according to State Standard (47) “Design a concept map of the structures of the urinary system, complete with associated explanations of the functions of each structure. Predict possible complications for each structure and outline methods to prevent the complications.” I will provide an example, label the front of the organ, on the back write its function, and research a possible complication/diseases and prevention measure for each organ.

Urinary System Disorders and Diseases © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Activity You will be educating the class over a disease or disorder following State Standard 50) **Research abnormal anatomy and/or physiology surrounding diseases, disorders, and/or syndromes of the urinary system. Explain how these abnormalities can affect one’s physical health, outlining signs and symptoms, underlying causation, diagnostic procedures, and treatment. Differentiate between the diseases in a pediatric, adult, and elderly person. Your presentation needs to be 3-5 minutes in length and include a basic quiz for the class to complete Choose from one of the following (Chronic renal failure, Polycystic kidney disease, Kidney stones, Hydronephrosis, Urinary Tract Infection, Kidney Cancer, Pyelonephritits, Urinary retention)

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Individually Complete the applying theory questions on p. 416 © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Kidney Dissection See kidney dissection activity ppt. © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.