A Small Rock 100 ml of Water The Helium from a Balloon Which is easiest to hold in your hand? Why? A Small Rock 100 ml of Water The Helium from a Balloon Modified by: Alicia Grine

State (or phase) of Matter The physical form in which matter exists Four states Solid Liquid Most common on Earth Gas Plasma

SOLIDS Have a definite shape and volume How do we find the volume of a solid? Length x Width x Height

Liquids Has a definite volume. What is a liquid’s shape? How do we find a liquid’s volume? What is a liquid’s shape? It takes the shape of its’ container No definite shape

Gases No definite shape or volume Takes the shape of its’ container Gas molecules will spread out to occupy all of the space available.

PLASMA Also no definite shape or volume. Forms when temperatures are high enough to remove electrons from their atoms When an atom loses electrons, it becomes a positively charged ion.

Particles and Phase The arrangement and motion of the particle that make up a substance determine its state.

SOLIDS Particles are packed together quite closely The energy bonding these particles is very strong This prevents particles from moving freely Particles move by vibrating in their position Gives solids their definite shape and volume

Liquids Particles are less densly packed than those in a solid Energy bonding particles is weaker than in a solid Particles can move around and slide past one another Movement of particles prevents liquids from having a definite shape

Gases Particles move freely Energy binding the particles is weak Allows gases to expend and contract to fit its container Thus gases lack shape and volume Energy binding the particles is weak

Plasma Particles move fast Energy binding the particles is very weak Plasma is different from a gas, because it’s made up of groups of positively and negatively charged particles. Energy binding the particles is very weak

Particle Arrangement

Heat Affects the State of a Substance When a substance takes in heat, its particles gain energy and move more quickly When a substance releases heat, its particles lose energy and move more slowly.

When enough heat is added or removed, a change of state occurs. LIQUID Solid + Heat = Liquid + Heat = Gas – Heat = Liquid – Heat = GAS LIQUID SOLID

Solid + Heat = Liquid Melting point: the temperature at which a solid begins to change to a liquid.

Liquid + Heat = Gas Vaporization Boiling Point The process in which a liquid changes to a gas Boiling Point The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas

Gas – Heat = Liquid Condensation The changing of a substance from a gas to a liquid The temperature is the same as the substance's boiling point, it’s just going in the opposite direction.

Phase Change Diagram Gas Boiling Liquid Freezing Melting Solid Condensation Boiling TEMPERATURE Liquid Freezing Melting Solid HEAT ENERGY

Phase Change Diagram