Chapter 3 Lesson 5—in text Endocrine System Chapter 3 Lesson 5—in text Have a student draw a balance scale on the board. The drawing should include a large weight on one side and the scale tipping in that direction. Ask: What would make the scale balance again? Answer: putting an equal weight on the other side Some parts of the endocrine system work to restore chemical balance in the body. Your endocrine system initiates and regulates your growth and development, causing chances in the way you look, think, and feel. Through chemical messengers known as hormones, your endocrine system affects every cell and organ of your body. Hormones also play important roles in the function of other body systems, including the reproductive system. Ask: What is the function of hormones? Answer: to control many of the body’s activities

Endocrine System: is the body system that consists of glands and regulates hormones. Hormones: are chemical messengers that are released into the bloodstream to control many of the body’s activities.

The Endocrine System consists of…

Pituitary Gland—produces hormones that control other glands and hormones that control bone growth & movement of involuntary muscles.

Adrenal Glands—2 glands that control water balance, aid digestion, and secrete adrenaline…fight or flight Explain that the effects of one hormone are felt in the stress response. When the body feels stress, the adrenal glands release the hormone adrenaline. Ask: What effects does this hormone have? Answer: It raises your heart rate, increased breathing, sweaty palms, etc Ask: What can you do to combat the effects of stress? Answer: Learn stress management techniques, exercise to burn off excess adrenaline.

Pancreas—produces digestive enzymes that control blood sugar level and releases insulin—which lowers blood sugar by helping to move sugar from the blood into body cells for conversion of energy

Parathyroid Glands—4 small glands that control amounts of calcium and phosphorus in the body.

Thyroid Gland—produces thyroxine  controls metabolism Metabolism—is the rate at which food is converted into energy in the cells

Ovaries—are two female reproductive glands which produce egg cells, estrogen. Estrogen is the female sex hormone that controls development of secondary sex characteristics in females.

Testes—are two male reproductive glands that produce sperm cells and testosterone. Testosterone is the male sex hormone that controls development of secondary sex characteristics in males.

Understanding How Your Body is Changing *Be sure to talk about mood changes and personal hygiene in connection with perspiration. Pretend your younger sibling asked you this question…“How can the onset of puberty affect my emotional and physical health?” How would you respond? Write in your notes for the next 2 minutes on what happens.

Puberty Is the stage of growth and development when secondary sex characteristics appear in males and females. Females—between 8 & 13 Males—between 10 & 15

Secondary Sex Characteristics Males Female Increased height & weight Deepening voice Increased perspiration Growth of facial hair Underarm hair Pubic hair Increased height Increased perspiration Growth of underarm hair Pubic hair Enlargement of breasts Onset of menstruation During puberty, both males and females may experience changes in mood due to changing levels of hormones. If these feelings concern you, discuss them with your parent, guardian or physician. When females reach puberty, they typically gain weight. Some females can harm themselves by dieting.

Problems to Watch For… Diabetes Mellitus Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism

Diabetes Mellitus The pancreas produces little or no insulin or cannot use insulin Symptoms: weight loss, low energy, extreme thirst & frequent urination. Treatments: oral medications & insulin injection Before scientists could produce synthetic insulin, most people with Type I diabetes died because harmful chemicals built up in their blood. Now Type I Diabetes can be successfully treated by regularly giving the person injections of insulin. Type 2 diabetes is treated by managing weight and controlling diet.

3 Types of Diabetes Type 1—occurs most often in children and adolescents. Their bodies don’t produce enough insulin. Type 2—occurs usually during adulthood, is related to obesity. Can be controlled by diet, exercise and not smoking. Gestational Diabetes—a form of diabetes that may occur during pregnancy.

Hyperthyroidism Excessive amount of thyroxine speeds up the metabolism and makes the body system work faster than it should. Symptoms... Treatments… Symptoms—fatigue, weight loss, rapid heartbeat, muscle weakness, irritability and nervousness. Treatments—include medications, surgery and radiation

Hypothyroidism Inadequate amounts of thyroxine which slows down metabolism and forces the body systems to work slower than they should Symptoms… Treatment… Symptoms include—weight gain, sluggishness, muscle weakness, difficulty concentrating, and depression Treatment—oral thyroxine

Tips for Endocrine Health Get regular Medical Checkups… Get enough rest and sleep… Stay physically active every day… Eat healthful meals… A physician can check the progress of your growth and development. Keep a list of questions to ask. Adequate rest and sleep refresh you and help your body systems function at their best Regular exercise is healthful for your whole body, including your endocrine system. Healthful meals supply your body with the nutrients it needs to carry out necessary functions

Questions Explain the structure & function of the Endocrine System. What are four glands that are part of the Endocrine System? What are some physical changes in males and females during puberty? Function is to regulate hormones Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes Males—increased height and muscle mass, deepening voice, increased perspiration, growth of hair on various body parts. Females—increased height, increased perspiration, growth of hair on various parts of the body, enlargement of breasts, onset of menstruation