Analysis of 2008 Title 24 Nonresidential Compliance Site Audits Matt Tyler & Allen Lee 6/13/17

Background Codes & Standards Program Impact Evaluation PY 2010-12 2008 Title 24, 2006-09 Title 20, Fed Appliance Stds 91 nonresidential new construction sites Reviewed building dept records Conducted site visits: ASHRAE Level II audit Interviewed facility staff Performed energy simulations

kWh Savings Relative to 2008 T24 Background (cont.) Electricity Savings (91 sites) Measure kWh Savings Relative to 2008 T24 Skylighting/Sidelighting 11,368 Interior Lighting 2,399,327 Envelope - 35,945 Cool Roof 176,463 DDC to Zone 832 HVAC Efficiency 408,762 Total 2,960,807

Primary Research Question What are the building characteristics of compliant versus non-compliant sampled buildings? Measure specific information on the over- & under- compliance

Approach Review evaluation data to quantify factors related to compliance and non-compliance 91 nonres new construction site audits & simulations Detailed site-level and measure-level characteristics Simulation results to quantify impact of each measure on site’s overall compliance Identify measures that contributed to over/under compliance

Approach Used a variety of statistical techniques such as cluster analysis, data visualization, and regression analysis Identify measure specific information on the over/under compliance Identify any building characteristics correlated with over/under compliance Building type Floor area Climate zone Building department jurisdiction Utility

Results ___________ was the only significant characteristic driving whole-building, interior lighting, and HVAC system compliance with Title 24 Building type Floor area Climate zone Building department jurisdiction Utility

Results Building type was the only significant characteristic driving whole-building, interior lighting, and HVAC system compliance with Title 24 Building type Floor area Climate zone Building department jurisdiction Utility

Results Building type was the only characteristic driving over-compliance of whole-building. Following buildings may be good candidates to increase overall compliance: Auto care/maintenance Gas stations Research and laboratories Restaurants

Results Building type was the only characteristic driving over-compliance of interior lighting. Following buildings may be good candidates to increase lighting compliance: Auto care/maintenance Gas stations High-bay or industrial Medical buildings Multifamily/group living Research and laboratories Restaurants

Results Building type was the only characteristic driving over-compliance of HVAC efficiency. Following buildings may be good candidates to increase HVAC efficiency compliance: Auto care/maintenance

Results Interior lighting, HVAC efficiency, and whole-building compliance are highly correlated Interior lighting and HVAC efficiency compliance are driving factors of whole-building electric compliance trends

Results Interior lighting tended to over-comply when LED lighting was installed. Envelope tended to over-comply when continuous insulation was installed. Cool roof tended to over-comply when higher values were specified for aged solar reflectance (~ 0.55 – 0.65) and emittance (~ 0.75 – 0.88) HVAC tended to over-comply due to high-efficiency heat pumps, high-efficiency packaged variable air volume systems, high-efficiency ductless mini-split systems, and fault detection and diagnostic credit.

Matt Tyler Allen Lee CALMAC ID: SCE0412.01 Project Manager 503-467-7157 matthew.tyler@cadmusgroup.com Allen Lee Principal Investigator 503-467-7127 allen.lee@cadmusgroup.com