The North Takes Charge

A Sticky Situation for the South South defeat the North at Chancellorsville, VA Union gains an advantage Stonewall Jackson shot upon his return (mistake) and dies from pneumonia Gen. Lee decides to invade the North anyway Hope to drive Union troops away from Vicksburg so he could get well-needed supplies Also wanted to win a battle on Union soil A Sticky Situation for the South

Gettysburg Gettysburg, PA Shoeless troops hear there is footwear in Gettysburg Go to find it and meet up with Gen. Lee’s forces Rebels run into Union troops led by John Buford Ordered his men to take defense on the hills and ridges surrounding the town Fighting attracts more soldiers from both sides South forces the Union troops to retreat and takes control of the town itself Gettysburg

Rebels retreat and Lee gives up attacking the North on their own soil South now had to take high ground of Gettysburg from North at Cemetery Ridge Lee orders Rebel forces towards the ridge on July 2nd Colonel Joshua Chamberlain helps push back Rebel forces Run out of ammo and men so he orders a bayonet charge Rebels surrender and held their lines Lee still optimistic Orders artillery attack on July 3rd Sends Gen. Pickett to charge the high ground (Pickett’s Charge) Rebel troops then move forward and met by Union artillery Union troops hold off the high ground attack Lee sends troops to flank but they also were stalled North goes on the counterattack Rebels retreat and Lee gives up attacking the North on their own soil

The Result 30% casualties Union losses were 23,000 killed or wounded South losses were 28,000 Killed or wounded The Result

Vicksburg Gen. Ulysses S. Grant continues fighting in the West Vicksburg, Mississippi was one of only 2 Confederate holdout preventing the Union from taking control of the Miss. Rvr. Grant sends troops to attack RxR’s and draw attention away from the city Sends troops into city and take over Jackson, Miss. Troops move from Jackson to Vicksburg and are held 2 different times Finally send artillery attack and force all people in the city into caves “If you can’t feed us, you’d better surrender” Rebels surrender and days later Hudson, LA falls -> finally cuts the Confederacy into 2 parts Vicksburg

Nov. 1863 -> ceremony held to dedicate a cemetery in Gettysburg Abraham Lincoln speaks for a little over 2 minutes Pg. 361 Gettysburg Address

Confederacy Becomes Tired South running very low on supplies and men after Vicksburg and Gettysburg Know they cannot continue to attack Hope for armistice (cease-fire) rather than surrender South begins to call for an end to the war Lincoln finds 2 generals to continue to fight Worsens to moral of the South Southern soldiers begin to go home (have to) In every Southern state but S.C. soldiers beginning to fight for the Union army Peace rallies begin to pop up in almost all Southern states Confederacy Becomes Tired

Ulysses S. Grant at His Best Appointed commander of all troops by Lincoln Appoints William Tecumseh Sherman as commander of troops in Mississippi Both believe in total war (on civilians as well) Civilians made the weapons, grew the food, and transported the goods Grant wants to attack Lee’s army in VA while Sherman does so in GA Grant able to lose men and Lee not able to Many battles fought -> Grant becomes known in the South as a butcher “Whatever happens, there will be no turning back” Ulysses S. Grant at His Best

Sherman's troops occupy the transportation center of Atlanta South decides to flank him and cut of supply lines Sherman decides to abandon his supplies and marches southeast through GA Take out Savannah, GA and turn North to help Grant “wipe out Lee” Added 25k slaves looking for freedom March into S.C. “Here is where treason began and, by God, here is where it shall end” By the time they get to N.C. they anticipate the end of war and begin to hand out food and other supplies to the civilians Sherman’s March

Election of 1864 Lincoln vs. George McClellan Democrats upset with the war’s length and high casualty rates Confederate South chooses John Fremont Andrew Johnson becomes Lincoln’s running mate Fremont withdrawals after hearing that Atlanta was under Union control Lincoln wins second term Election of 1864

Surrender at Appomattox Grant and other troops approaching Richmond from the west Sherman from the south News of Lee’s troops falling at Petersburg, VA Jefferson Davis leaves capital and burns it Lee and Grant meet to arrange surrender on April 9, 1865 in Appomattox Court House (VA) The terms: Grant paroled Lee’s soldiers and sent them home with their possessions and food Officers were permitted to keep their side arms Surrender at Appomattox