Transport Revolution

Raw Materials Raw materials are basic ingredients used to make something raw materials – coal and steel – had to be brought to factories all the food and clothes being produced in factories… …had to be sent to be sold around the country How were all of these things to be transported? Horse and carts wouldn’t be able for the mass production New improved systems of transport needed This would be the transport rev

Water the easiest way to transport heavy goods most towns had been built by a river or sea for this reason lucan, Dublin, Belfast, cork, London but new towns of the ind rev weren’t they needed to be near coal mines Manchester and Newcastle Needed a way to transport heavy goods

Canals A canal is a man-made river Canals were cut to link... ...factories to rivers and cities The Duke of Bridgewater ordered the first canal to be built He had a huge coal mine Wanted to send his coal to factories Hired engineer James Bradley to build it – 1761 1st canal in world! – worked perfectly

Viaducts A bridge carrying the canal over a valley Canals v successful Soon built in Ireland

Roads before revolution Roads were just dirt-tracks Full of potholes In winter, muddy and impassable People travelled on horseback or in horse-drawn coaches Got bogged down Unreliable

Improvements As traffic increased, better roads were made John McAdam used stone chippings Helped water to drain through Roads less muddy eventually tar added to chippings Tarmacadam

More improvements in roads Thomas Telford Roads built with strong foundation He Put drainage ditches at sides Roads gently sloped to the sides Water drained off the roads

Tolls But the govt wasn’t bothered about improving roads… …so private companies set up Built new roads Wanted to make a profit on them Charged a toll for people to use them These private roads were called turnpikes The best roads to use – v popular

Stage-coach People travelled by stage-coach 4 horses drew a carriage Sat on top or in carriage Connected diff cities They were the first buses! Stopped at towns – on and off

Bianconi Car This coach linked ...small towns to eachother Basically a local version ...of stage-coach 4 horses pulled a ‘long car’ (just an open coach) Passengers on side, luggage in middle V popular until cars arrived in 20th c

The Coming of Trains But water and roads were still too slow Took 12 hours in 1850 Remem, the steam engine developed by Watt? Richard Trevithick built a ‘steam carriage’ It ran on rails – why? So it wouldn’t destroy the road Remem, it carried heavy goods – ie coal

George Stephenson Built the first reliable locomotive This was the first steam train 1829 – first goods train – what are ‘goods’? Ran from Stockton to Darlington

George Stephenson - 2 Called the train the ‘rocket’ Went 46km per hour 1834 -1st passenger trains Went from Manchester... ...to Liverpool Became v popular

Results of Transport Rev A) journeys become quicker and cheaper People travelled more around their country Some even emigrated A govt law forced railways to provide cheap carriages These 3rd class carriages allowed even the poor to travel

Results - 2 B) cost of carrying goods and raw materials fell So food and clothes became cheaper Also, diff foods were introduced Tea from india had only been affordable for rich Now it became the most popular drink in England

Results - 3 C) time was standardised This means that people started to use clocks Had to know when the train would arrive Why do you think Greenwich standard time is set from London?

Results - 4 Newspapers could arrive the next day News could travel quickly from place to place Newspapers could arrive the next day The telegraph was invented in 1830s by Samuel Morse Tapped a morse code which sent them message… To a diff post office Connected by telegraph cables