Finnish wood measurement Nov 19, 2007 Finnish wood measurement Matti Heikurainen Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008

Characteristic of Finnish Wood Measuring Nov 19, 2007 Characteristic of Finnish Wood Measuring In Finland, the timber volume is determined as real solid volume over bark compared to many other countries which use under bark volume. The unit of measurement is cubic metre (m3) solid volume on (including) bark. In Finland there are nearly 320 000 private forest owners.  Relatively small size of timber storages; high number of sales The wood measuring method can be chosen freely by the seller and buyer in the timber trade.  This is very flexible and feasible system No systematic errors are accepted for any officially accepted method. The required accuracy is ±4% for each timber lot. Today, our timber logistics flow is very rapid from forest to the mill. Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008

The Official and Statutory Organization of Wood Measuring in Finland Nov 19, 2007 The Official and Statutory Organization of Wood Measuring in Finland Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008 3

Advisory Board of Wood Measuring Nov 19, 2007 Advisory Board of Wood Measuring The next different interest groups of timber scaling are represented in the board: Finnish Forest Industries Federation Central Union of Agricultural Producers Trade Association of Finnish and Forest Owners MTK Forestry and Earth Moving Contractors Finnish Lorry Entrepreneurs’ Federation Finnish Rural Workers’ Union Forestry Development Centre Tapio Finnish Forest Research Institute Metla Representatives from the ministry act as a chairman and layer in this board. One official measure is as a board’s secretary. One researcher from Metsäteho is as an stable expert. Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008

Responsible for Measuring in Practise Nov 19, 2007 Responsible for Measuring in Practise The timber buyer or seller, chain-saw feller, logging machine entrepreneurs or transportations contractors or their operator can measure a timber lot. The parties agree in advance who is responsible for the measuring. Timber buyer and seller agree in the timber sales agreement; who is measurer and what methods will be used? Generally in Finland, the measuring costs are paid by the timber buyer or employer. Forest companies have organized their wood measuring at mills on two ways; Units inside companies (MLO tehdasmittausyksikkö, SE Metsä, UPM Metsä) which are responsible for measuring and grading at mills. Specialised timber measuring companies (Mittaportti Oy, Vaakamitta Oy) In standing sales, the operator of a harvester has commonly responsibility for measuring. Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008

Officially Accepted Wood Measuring Methods Nov 19, 2007 Officially Accepted Wood Measuring Methods Harvester measuring Scaling of individual logs (traditional method!) Measuring of piled or stacked wood (traditional method!) Methods based on random sampling: weight sampling, bundle-number sampling and frame sampling Timber quality scaling based on stratified random sampling Laser scanning for timber trucks, so called MODUS 2000 -system Image scanning scaling –system, so called AVM (=Automated Volume Measurement) (2 versions) Truck / Forwarder weight scales for scaling timber (2 versions) General instructions: The general directive of timber scaling at the mills The control directive of scaling of logs using automatic measurement devices at the mills Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008

The volume of wood measuring in Finland 2007 (source Metsäteho) The proportions according to Metsätehos associates information (covering 85 % of total volumes) : private forests, standing sale s 32,2 milj. m3 private forests, sales in delivery cutting 4,8 milj. m3 state forests and company-owned forests 11,3 milj. m3 Total 48,3 milj. m3 Domestic market cuttings were 57,7 milj. m3, of which logs 28,0 milj. m3 and pulpwood 29,7 milj. m3. (source: Metla) Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008

Methods in standing sales, private forests 2007 (32,2 milj Methods in standing sales, private forests 2007 (32,2 milj. m3) (source Metsäteho) Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008 11.7.2008 Timo Melkas 8

Methods in scaling in delivery cutting - private forests 2007 (4,8milj Methods in scaling in delivery cutting - private forests 2007 (4,8milj.m3) (source Metsäteho) Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008 11.7.2008 Timo Melkas 9

Scaling methods, private forests 2007 (standing and delivery sales,37,0 milj. m3) (source Metsäteho) Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008 11.7.2008 Timo Melkas 10

Proportions of different scaling methods - State forests and company-owned forests on extradition scaling 2007 (11,3 milj. m3) (source Metsäteho) Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008

Proportion of different scaling methods - total commercial roundwood fellings 2007 (48,3 milj. m3) (source Metsäteho) Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008

Scaling places - mills / road side 2007 (source Metsäteho) At the mill-woodyards 21,5 % (10,4 milj. m3) of which logs 34,5 % and pulpwood 65,5 %. At the road side 3,8 % (1,8 milj. m3 ) of which logs 33,0 % and pulpwood 67,0 %. Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008 13

Proportion of different scaling methods - Private forests, standing sales 1993 – 2007 (source Metsäteho) Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008

Proportion of different scaling methods - Private forests, sales on delivery 1993 – 2007 (source Metsäteho) Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008

Proportions of wood measuring methods, 1993 – 2007 (source Metsäteho) Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008

Wood quantities and proportions of methods in 2007 (source Metsäteho) Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008

RECENT INNOVATIONS 1 Scaling using the loader mounted weight scales On a way to be an official scaling method: Scaling using the loader mounted weight scales The method fits well to harvesting-chain using terminals and harvesting-chain for small lots. Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008

RECENT INNOVATIONS 2 Voluntary agreement on measuring energy-wood (29.2.2008) Agreed and defined methods cover all normally used measuring methods for energy-wood (but not split billets, which already had agreed methods) All main energy-wood users attended Possible to develop to official statutory level Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008

RECENT INNOVATIONS 3 Reform of wood measurement legislation Existing critique: Act and decrees...bureaucratic procedures in some cases may slow the implementation of new methods has the government a role to play in ”functioning markets” energy-wood is still outside What next: A background study will be conducted by METLA in 2009 (experiences by facts, lessons learned, what are the alternatives, what do the different stakeholders prefer... ) A broadly-based working group in 2010 ? New legislation in 2012 ?? Matti Heikurainen 22.10.2008