Grammar rules lesson 1 M.Shah hamzei.

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Presentation transcript:

grammar rules lesson 1 M.Shah hamzei

Pronunciation Falling intonation: Statements: Her friends come to dinner. Commands: Go sit down. Come over here. WH questions: What’s your name? Tag questions: You live here , don’t you? Tip: When the speaker is sure that the answer will be “yes” The last part of alternative questions(after “or”): Do you want coffee or tea? Rising intonation Yes /No questions: Are you happy?

NOUN AN IDEA A PLACE A THING A PERSON OR ANIMAL

Types of Nouns

Types of Nouns

PLURAL NOUNS

ARTICLES DEFINITE OR INDEINITE We use a or an When we are talking about one thing in general. Laila was born in a town in Japan. I sometimes have an egg and a cup of tea for breakfast. Let’s watch a movie. I need a new laptop. Mine is too old. Do you have a car? We use the When we are talking about one thing in particular. The capital of e Brazil is Brasilia. Look! I found the same teddy bear I had when I was a baby. Have you seen the car keys? The president of Brazil is a woman. Could you open the windows when you arrive at the house? I saw the neighbor at the supermarket.

Ordinal numbers; Ex: the first Musical instruments; Ex: the Piano. “The” is used before: Names of seas, rivers, oceans, mountains, ranges; Ex: The Hudson river. Ordinal numbers; Ex: the first Musical instruments; Ex: the Piano. Groups and classes of people; Ex: the Portuguese. Superlatives; Ex: the best Nouns used in a particular sense; Ex: the courage he showed was amazing. Singular nouns that represent a group/class; Ex: the elephant is an endangered mammal. Nouns of which there is only one; Ex: The earth

Omission of “the”: Games and sports; Ex: He plays football. Abstract nouns; Ex: Poverty. Subjects of study; Ex: I study English. Gerunds; Ex: Football is a popular hobby in England. Contries, towns, proper nouns; Ex: Scotland, Mr. Smith, London. exceptions: The USA, The U.K., The Algarve Names of meals; Ex: at lunch, for breakfast A number of common phrases made up of a preposition and a noun; Ex: at university, in bed, at work When these expressions are used with articles, they have special meanings; Ex: She has gone to hospital. (= as a patient)

Types of Nouns