Early American History 6-7 September 2017 Eighth Grade Review Early American History 6-7 September 2017

What are the important eras? Era = a long and distinct period of history with a particular feature or characteristic Quick review 1401-1500 = _______ century 19th century = _______ - _______ Today we will discuss these major eras, as well as the: Important people [who] Major events [what] Locations of these major events [where] The importance of the era [when] The major reasons for these events [why] Significant factors in these events [how]

Exploration and Colonial Era [1491 - 1763] What was “America” like in 1491? Maya, Aztec, Inca Columbus, an Italian from Spain For “God, Gold, and Glory” Jamestown - 1607 Pilgrims escape persecution Mayflower - 1620

Exploration and Colonial Era [1491 - 1763] Why were the colonies established? Who established the colonies? Ship building Fertile soil Cotton & Tobacco

Exploration and Colonial Era [1491 - 1763] The French and Indian War - 1756 Who were the two “teams”? Why was it fought? Ended with Proclamation of 1763

Exploration and Colonial Era [1491 - 1763] The Triangular Trade and Slavery Cash crops and the need for “cheap” laborers Tobacco Iron Slaves

Revolutionary Era [1763 – 1789] England's high cost of French & Indian War “Taxation without representation” Boston Tea Party

Revolutionary Era [1763 – 1789] Lexington and Concord Declaration of Independence Saratoga – convinced other nations to support America Siege of Yorktown Treaty of Paris (1783)

Revolutionary Era [1763 – 1789]

Revolutionary Era [1763 – 1789] Articles of Confederation (1781) First attempt at a national government (alliance) Lacked strong central government Did not want one leading authority (king) Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia (1789)

Early Republic [1789 – 1812] A republic is a government in which the desires of the people are represented in government by elected representatives. Federalists believe the power of the government should be shared between the state and national governments.

Bill of Rights approved in 1791 Early Republic [1789 – 1812] Makes laws Enforces laws Interprets laws Bill of Rights approved in 1791

Early Republic [1789 – 1812] [1] George Washington [2] John Adams [4] James Madison [3] Thomas Jefferson

Westward Expansion [1803 – 1846] Louisiana Purchase (1803) Jefferson Bought from Napoleon (France in own Civil War) US doubles in size War of 1812 United States vs. Great Britain Movement of Native Americans onto reservations America couldn’t buy goods from England; forced to make own Free Enterprise Government regulates to make fair Free to buy goods from (and trade with) any country Monroe Doctrine U.S. would stop Europe from colonizing the Americas Stay out of each other’s way America now a world power The Mexican-American War (1846-48)

Westward Expansion [1812 – 1846] Manifest Destiny Nomads – what were they? First to colonize – leads to conflict Important for Americans to have their own land Transportation Many rivers and rough roads in the way Canals and railroads Leads to growth of cities

Antebellum Era [1813 – 1860] Sectionalism (economy) leads to different feelings about slavery Abolition in the North Suffrage (all men and women) Labor reform and public education Missouri Compromise (1820) Missouri as a slave state Maine as a free state Kansas-Nebraska Act

Antebellum Era [1813 – 1860] Alexis de Tocqueville Democracy in America (1831) Five Principles of Democracy 1. Laissez-Faire- government policy of “hands off” economy 2. Individualism-free to flourish without regard to station in life 3. Populism-participation of common people 4. Egalitarianism- society of equals 5. Liberty-protection from tyranny, rule of law, religious faith

Civil War and Reconstruction [1860 – 1877] Secession States argue that their rights are being violated Threatened to secede if Lincoln elected in 1860 Slavery was an issue, but not the only issue The War begins (1861) South Carolina secedes, other states follow First shots fired at Fort Sumter, SC Vicksburg and Gettysburg were turning points for the Union Emancipation Proclamation (1863) Appomattox Courthouse (1865)

Civil War and Reconstruction [1860 – 1877] The process of re-admitting states into the Union (Johnson) Amendments 13th – Freed slaves 14th – Gave African-Americans citizenship 15th – Gave African-American men the right to vote

Political Cartoon Practice

Map-reading Practice ?

Map-reading Practice

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