CENTRAL DRUG AUTHORITY ANNUAL REPORT 2014/2015 A presentation by the Central Drug Authority to the Portfolio Committee on Social Development 1 C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

C D A CONTENT OF REPORT Introduction NDMP strategic areas Key institutional characteristics of CDA Substance use related intervention needs Activities and achievements of CDA & key support structures Key CDA challenges and recommendations CDA annual report 2014/2015 C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

INTRODUCTION The annual report of the Central Drug Authority (CDA) for the period 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2015 describes the activities and achievements of the CDA and its key support structures in implementing the National Drug Master Plan (NDMP) 2013–2017. C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015 CDA annual report 2014/2015

C D A INTRODUCTION The report also outlines: the key institutional characteristics of the CDA, the latter’s links with relevant national and international organisations and initiatives, general areas of substance use related vulnerability to the development of harm in South Africa, as well as the prevention/ intervention implications of the latter areas of vulnerability. The report concludes with a note of challenges and recommendations for resolving these challenges. C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015 CDA annual report 2014/2015

KEY CDA INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS (NDMP) CDAs mandate is derived from Prevention of and Treatment for Substance Abuse Act, No 70 of 2008, as well as, the National Drug Master Plan. In countering the problem of substance use and abuse, the support structures/agents are advised to apply the integrated demand, supply and harm reduction intervention approach recommended in the NDMP 2013–2017; DEMAND REDUCTION HARM REDUCTION SUPPLY REDUCTION Include SANAC C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015 CDA annual report 2014/2015

KEY CDA INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS Institutional characteristics: the CDA is the primary South African body that is statutorily mandated to advise Parliament through the Minister of Social Development on substance use and abuse. Oversee and monitor the implementation of NDMP 2013–2017 by CDA support structures (national departments, provincial substance abuse forums & local drug action committees) Collaborates with relevant (inter)national agencies (e.g. UNODC, SANAC, South African research and intervention agencies) Participates in relevant (inter)national and regional initiatives (e.g. BRICS Formal Anti-Drug Committee, Colombo Plan) C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015 CDA annual report 2014/2015

KEY CDA INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS CDA collaborates with regional and international organisations such as; Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) United Nations Office on Drug Control and Crime (UNODC). The CDA also participates in regional and international initiatives directed at countering substance abuse through South African Minister and Deputy Minister of Social Development, The CDA participated in Development of the 2013–2017 AU Plan of Action (AUPA) at the AU Conference of Ministers for Drug Control. The CDA supports the implementation of the drug demand reduction programmes and training models of the Colombo Plan. Include SANAC C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015 CDA annual report 2014/2015

C D A LEVEL OF SUBSTANCE USE South Africans are vulnerable to substance use related harm (e.g. substance abuse) in that – a comparatively high overall level of substance use occurs (e.g. wide range of substances used) intense substance use occurs from an early age – ±8years (e.g. binge drinking, poly-substance use) In terms of WHO 2014, Global status report on alcohol and health. The South African Adult per capita alcohol consumption (APC) for 2010 was 11.0, corresponding figures of 6.0 and 6.2 respectively for African region and world Americas (8.4) and Europe (10.9). APC (Adult per capita alcohol consumption) C D A CDS annual report 2014/2015 CDA annual report 2014/2015

SUBSTANCE USE RELATED INTERVENTION Focus on without neglecting other forms of substance use: use of alcohol (especially binge drinking & comparatively heavy weekend drinking), tobacco, cannabis and heroin, and non-medical use of medicinal preparations poly-substance use (use of a combination of substances) injection substance use which will include collaboration with NSP use of homebrewed alcohol concoctions use of substances comparatively new to the substance use market, e.g. cat, khat, NPS and nyaope early substance use onset (e.g. before adolescence) C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015 CDA annual report 2014/2015

SUBSTANCE USE RELATED INTERVENTION NEEDS CONTINUED Intervention agents are advised to – apply integrated demand, supply & harm reduction intervention approach bearing in mind that – substance use & related harm are outflow of a combination of individual & societal factors evidence that restrictions on access to substances & socio-economic deprivation alleviation facilitate the countering of substance use related harm access to quality substance use related treatment & aftercare services is essential for reducing the health & socio-economic costs associated with substance use related harm C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

National Drug Master Plan specific outcomes in which the activities are based Reduction of the bio-socio-economic impact of substance abuse and related illnesses on the South African population (harm reduction). Ability of all people in South Africa to deal with problems related to substance abuse within communities (demand reduction). 3. Reduced availability of substance dependence-forming drugs and alcoholic beverages (supply reduction). 4. Recreational facilities and diversion programmes that prevent vulnerable populations from becoming substance dependents (demand reduction).

National Drug Master Plan specific outcomes in which the activities are based 5. Development protocols and practices for integrated diagnosis and treatment of substance dependence and co-occurring disorders and for funding such diagnosis and treatment (harm reduction). 6. Harmonisation and enforcement of laws and policies to facilitate effective governance of the alcohol and drug supply chain (supply reduction). 7. Creation of employment opportunities in the field of combating substance abuse (demand reduction). CDA Targets for 2014/2015 were as follows: Monitoring and ensuring the implementation of NDMP 2013-2017; Improve access interventions and treatment; Reduce harm associated with substance abuse; Reduce social ills associated with substance abuse; Conduct a national household survey on substance use/abuse; Strengthen capacity of CDA’s support structures with regard to the implementation of NDMP 2013–2017. CDA Annual report 2014/2015

ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA Substantialy more intense work has been done, compared to previous year CDA facilitated strengthening of – support structures access to quality treatment (building of treatment centers) (DSD) Secured R150 million from Treasury to establish 4 public treatment centres in provinces that did not have these facilities. Hosted the Substance Abuse Treatment Symposium, in Kimberly; Organised and hosted the Cannabis Round Table; Maintained 9 PSAFs established 238 LDACs (audit is to be conducted) Monitored implementation of resolutions of 2nd Biennial Anti-Substance Abuse Summit Developed; Monitoring the implementation of the National Anti-Substance Abuse Programme of Action in 9 national government departments Awareness among young people about the problem of substance abuse Partnerships with relevant local, regional and international agencies e.g SANAC and UNODC and Colombo Plan training of stakeholders C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA Demand Reduction Strategy Capacitated stakeholders in 9 provinces to implement Act 70 of 2008 and training on components and implementation of NDMP 2013–17. Monitored the implementation of the department’s community-based model (DSD). Implemented the department’s Anti-Substance Abuse Awareness and Education Programme and commemoration of the International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking. Assessed and registered inpatient and 2 outpatient treatment services (DSD). Drafted minimum norms and standards for halfway houses, (DSD) Capacitated 35 municipalities for their efforts towards social mobilisation. Strengthening of an anti-substance use policy (anti-doping rules) SAID (Department of Sport). C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA Demand Reduction strategy cont.… Conducted anti-substance abuse festive season campaign. Monitored the implementation of the programmes of action (POAs) of national departments. (DSD) Conducted anti-substance abuse programmes, run by social workers and in which 16 342 sentenced offenders, probationers and parolees participated. (DCS) Conducted a wellness programme on substance abuse in which 22 446 employees participated. (DCS) Held dialogues with 600 children in 3 schools in rural areas in the Free State during Child Protection Week to teach them about problems related to substance abuse and government services available to them (DOJ&CD) C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA Demand Reduction strategy cont.… 7 interventions in Gauteng, including indaba talks on substance abuse related problems, in community halls and roadshows in partnership with the National Prosecuting Authority, reaching 3 876 people. (DOJ&CD) School campaigns in communities with high levels of substance abuse, reaching 680 people and creating awareness of the effects of substance abuse. 3 awareness raising campaigns in Limpopo on sexual offences and the interplay between such offences and substance abuse, reaching 750 people. (DOJ&CD C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA Demand Reduction strategy cont.… 20 awareness raising campaigns in the Northern Cape on substance abuse and cyber bullying. Included the training of stakeholders, imbizos on the Child Justice Act as well as available government services. (DOJ&CD) Held 72 public education initiatives on substance abuse related problems. (DOJ&CD) Talk shows through student support services at technical, vocational education and training (TVET) colleges. (Higher education) hosting substance abuse experts. Awareness raising campaigns in tertiary institutions on substance abuse. (DHET, DSD,CDA) C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA SAID and Department of Sport: Conducted 2 357 doping tests (these inter alia found that steroid use is increasing among learners in schools). Implemented 5 campaigns and recreational programmes that focus on reducing substance use and abuse; 20 468 people took part in indigenous rural sports, improvement initiatives or other related activities in different provinces and municipalities; supported one national school championship for 11 federations; provided 226 schools with sports equipment, focusing on priority sporting codes. 10 915 learners participate in school sports, including children with disabilities. building 2 recreational and sports fields to provide infrastructure access; and providing technical and management support to establish 25 recreational facilities. C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA Supply Reduction: To reduce the supply of substances, the following activities were implemented Through collaboration with (SARS) Detection and seizure of various illicit substance and related detention/arrest Seizing 150 kg of “tik” worth over R43 million at OR Tambo Airport. Seizing 34.55 kg of crystal methamphetamine valued at R10.3 million and another 200 kg with a street value of R59.1 million at OR Tambo International Airport. Discovering more than 95 kg bricks of cocaine in crystal form worth almost R28 500 million at Durban harbour. C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA Supply Reduction cont…(SARS) Intercepting 65 kg of crystal methamphetamine valued at R19.3 million at OR Tambo International Airport. Executing 164 investigation projects, 54 in the illicit economy (enterprises set up through criminal activities) and 106 in the legitimate economy but involving illegal activities. Conducting 17 533 disruption and detection interventions, resulting in 2 606 detentions, 2 726 seizures and 27 arrest referrals. C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA Supply Reduction cont…(SAPS) Detection and closure of unlicensed liquor outlets as well as laboratories manufacturing illicit substances; seizure of illegally sold liquor and illicit substances; arrests and convictions for drug related offences. Conducting compliance inspections at licensed liquor outlets (462,980 inspections). (SAPS) Closing of unlicensed/illegal liquor outlets (37,490), unregistered/illegal liquor distributors (368), unregistered/illegal macro/micro liquor manufacturers (121). Confiscating liquor (1 540 992,583 litre) sold at unlicensed/illegal outlets. Arresting persons for driving under the influence of liquor and other drugs (65,578 cases). (SAPS) C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA Supply Reduction cont…(SAPS) Seizing dry cannabis as well as cannabis plants (440, 434.284 kg); mandrax tablets (30,2 79,075); crystal methamphetamine (“tik-tik”) (59,874 kg); cocaine (12,214 kg); heroin (212,333 kg) in the course of various police actions. (SAPS) Reporting crimes for possession and dealing in illicit substances (267,034 cases). (SAPS) Dismantling 57 clandestine drug laboratories - 31 laboratories were hydroponic laboratories and 26 were other synthetic chemical laboratories). (SAPS) Arresting – through the work of the Directorate for Priority Crime – 324 persons for drug relate offences and obtaining 98 convictions in respect of these arrests. (SAPS) C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA Seizing – through border policing (SAPS) heroin (18,517 kg), cocaine (423,025 kg), crystal methamphetamine (“tik-tik”) (637,757 kg 40 litre in liquid form), dry cannabis (12,629,382 kg), cannabis plants (9), ecstasy (1,492 tablets and 0.500 kg powder), mandrax tablets (1,634), 1 rock of crack cocaine. (e.g. through interdepartmental and intradepartmental collaboration) DUPLICATION C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015 CDA annual report 2014/2015

ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA Harm Reduction strategy: implemented; Substance Abuse Treatment Symposium in Kimberley Northern Cape. Drafted final legislation on the control of alcohol beverage marketing for submission to Cabinet. (DoH) Drafted regulations on warning labels on alcoholic beverages. (DoH) Continuing surveillance to monitor trends in the nature and extent of substance abuse. Finalised detoxification guidelines with the help of a team of specialists, submitting them to the Essential Drug List Committee and circulating them among provincial drug list committees. (DoH) Securing R150 million from Treasury to establish 4 public treatment centres in provinces that did not have such facilities. (DSD/CDA) Monitoring the implementation of the Minimum Norms and Standards for Inpatient Treatment Centres at two residential treatment centres in two provinces. C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA Harm Reduction strategy cont…. Through collaboration with Medicines Control Council. Continuously maintaining the Schedules to the Medicine Act and changing the scheduling classification of medicines or substances, or updating them in line with registered products and new information on existing scheduled substances. Updating inscriptions for substances in Schedules 5, 6 and 7 by including all chemically related and synthetic analogues for these substances. (MCC) Listing the following substances in Schedule 7: AH-7921, 25B-NB0Me (2C-B-NBOMe), 25C-NB0Me (2C-C-NBOMe), 25I-NB0Me (2C-I-NBOMe), N-benzylpiperazine (BZP), JWH-018, AM-2201,3,4-mythylenedoxypyrovalerone (MDPV), Methylone (beta-keto-MDMA) and Mephedrone. (MCC) Reviewing the risk benefits of all meprobamate-containing products to make sure that they meet acceptable standards of safety, quality and efficacy or to withdraw them from the market following the international regulatory authority. (MCC) C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA Harm Reduction strategy cont….MCC Reviewing over-the-counter products containing codeine in order to minimise the potential for misuse and abuse, in line with what other regulatory agencies were doing. Amending Schedules to reduce the maximum quantity of codeine per dosage unit for combination tablet and liquid preparations from 20 mg to 10 mg, limiting the daily dosage to 80 mg and the maximum treatment period to 5 days. C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA Challenges related to PSAFs implementation of NDMP 2013-2017: Substance abuse interventions generally left to Department of Social Development Local governments recognise need for substance abuse intervention but provide no concrete support Rendering quality substance abuse related treatment compromised by mushrooming of unregistered treatment centres & difficulties in ensuring latter centres register (audit was conducted) C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

KEY CDA CHALLENGES Evidence-based intervention constrained by lack of comprehensive up-to-date national data New forms of substance use & abuse continuously emerging Inadequate resources for NDMP 2013–2017 implementation Local government defaults on supporting local drug action committees Inadequate access to treatment services Illegal/unregistered treatment centres mushrooming Incomplete stakeholder representation in PSAFs Poor reporting by stakeholders (stakeholders do not submit annual reports timely) C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

KEY CDA RECOMMENDATIONS Allocate adequate resources Ensure increased quality substance use related treatment Facilitate evidence-based & comprehensive implementation of NDMP 2013–2017 by for example implementing periodic, methodologically comparable comprehensive national population household surveys on substance use strengthening national, provincial & local CDA support structures Harmonise substance use related legislation to greater extent Review Prevention of and Treatment for Substance Abuse Act (Act 70 of 2008) Review the structure of the CDA C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015

THANK YOU C D A CDA annual report 2014/2015