Road to Revolution in France

French Revolution First Estate – Clergy – owned 10% of land, collected tithes, PAID NO TAXES

French Revolution Second Estate – Nobility – held top jobs in government and military, hated civil service system, PAID NO TAXES

French Revolution Third Estate – Made up of educated middle class called Bourgeoisie, common people, and rural poor. PAID ALL THE TAXES!!!!! Had limited rights

French Revolution

French Revolution France hits an economic crisis. Deficit spending by government Bad Harvests High Food Prices

French Revolution Influenced by ideas of Enlightenment, 3rd Estate starts to question French system.

Focus 5/11 The French Revolution began due to the dissatisfaction of the 3rd Estate. The 3rd Estate, made up of the common people of France were forced to pay all the taxes and had limited rights. The 1st and 2nd estates enjoyed a lavish lifestyle and paid no taxes. Points for Discussion: How was the Revolution influenced by the Enlightenment? Critical Lens: Conditions in France in 1789 contradicted the Enlightenment. Term to Know: lavish

French Revolution Louis XVI was a weak and indecisive King

French Revolution Advisor, Jacques Necker urges King Louis XVI to cut spending and tax 1st and 2nd Estate

French Revolution 1st and 2nd Estate calls for meeting of Estates General (French Parliament)

French Revolution Louis XVI has estates prepare cahiers (list of grievances)

French Revolution 3rd Estate transforms into National Assembly

French Revolution National Assembly draw up Tennis Court Oath swearing not to disband until they have a constitution

French Revolution Storming of the Bastille becomes a symbol of French Revolution

French Revolution Rumors cause what becomes known as the “Great Fear”

French Revolution Declaration of the Rights of Man - written in 1789 - uses American Declaration as a model - all men have natural rights - tax people according to what they can pay - freedom of religion - all men are equal under the law

French Revolution The National Assembly sets up Constitution of 1791 which creates a limited monarchy in France

Focus 9/15 As the Jacobins and Robespierre led the charge during the Reign of Terror, the people of France grew tired of the instability within France. Eventually, a General, Napoleon seized power and became the dictator. Though a dictator, Napoleon did enact ideas of the Enlightenment. With Napoleon, France saw the rise of nationalism. Points for Discussion: Why did the Jacobins and Robespierre start the Reign of Terror? Critical Lens: The rise of Napoleon went against the basic principles of the revolution. Term to Know: radical

French Revolution Revolution takes a radical turn

French Revolution Nobles and clergy start to flee France

French Revolution Louis XVI begins to pledge his support for nobles who fled France

French Revolution Marie Antoinette begins to ask other monarchies around Europe to invade France

French Revolution Louis XVI writes to the Kings of Prussia, Russia, Spain, Sweden and Austria in hopes they would form an alliance with him to put down the revolution

Term to Know: Nationalism Focus 9/15 As the Jacobins and Robespierre led the charge during the Reign of Terror, the people of France grew tired of the instability within France. Eventually, a General, Napoleon seized power and became the dictator. Though a dictator, Napoleon did enact ideas of the Enlightenment. With Napoleon, France saw the rise of nationalism. Points for Discussion: Why did the Jacobins and Robespierre start the Reign of Terror? Critical Lens: The rise of Napoleon went against the basic principles of the revolution. Term to Know: Nationalism

French Revolution King Louis XVI and his family are executed.

French Revolution Radicals take control of the revolution and attempt to get rid of all memories of the old order Jacobins – radical revolutionaries Rein of Terror begins

French Revolution Radicals seek to wash away all memory of the old order in France

French Revolution Reign of Terror – Robespierre was chief architect of reign of terror Robespierre became leader of Committee for Public Safety

French Revolution “The Mother and her baby in the cradle, the warrior from the battlefield, all perished. Friends, enemies, people of all parties, ages, ranks die. Head after head… it is never enough.”

French Revolution France sets up Directory to attempt to restore order.

Rise of Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte becomes dictator in France.

Rise of Napoleon Napoleon builds French Economy

Napoleon Napoleon establishes Public School System

Napoleon Creates Napoleonic Code which embraces ideas of the Enlightenment like equality and religious tolerance

Napoleon Napoleon builds a strong army and begins to conquer other European countries