Depleted CMOS Pixel Detectors for the LHC Upgrade CERN ATLAS Detector Petra RIEDLER CERN EP-DT Thank you Jochen. After this many years of building and working with ATLAS and the ATLAS collaboration, I am very happy that I can talk about a “likely” discovery of something new ... what I mean by likely, you weill see at the end.

Lake Geneva CMS ALICE ATLAS

The Underground Cavern at Point-1 for the ATLAS Detector Length = 55 m Width = 32 m Height = 35 m

ATLAS Detector Length : ~ 46 m Radius : ~ 12 m Weight : ~ 7000 tons ~ 108 electronic channels ~ 3000 km of cables Cost : ~ 500 Mio€ 5 5

ATLAS Cavern

ATLAS Collaboration (Status April 2008) 37 Countries 167 Institutions 2200 Scientific Authors total (1750 with a PhD, 450 PhD students) Albany, Alberta, NIKHEF Amsterdam, Ankara, LAPP Annecy, Argonne NL, Arizona, UT Arlington, Athens, NTU Athens, Baku, IFAE Barcelona, Belgrade, Bergen, Berkeley LBL and UC, HU Berlin, Bern, Birmingham, Bogota, Bologna, Bonn, Boston, Brandeis, Bratislava/SAS Kosice, Brookhaven NL, Buenos Aires, Bucharest, Cambridge, Carleton, Casablanca/Rabat, CERN, Chinese Cluster, Chicago, Chile, Clermont-Ferrand, Columbia, NBI Copenhagen, Cosenza, AGH UST Cracow, IFJ PAN Cracow, DESY, Dortmund, TU Dresden, JINR Dubna, Duke, Frascati, Freiburg, Geneva, Genoa, Giessen, Glasgow, Göttingen, LPSC Grenoble, Technion Haifa, Hampton, Harvard, Heidelberg, Hiroshima, Hiroshima IT, Indiana, Innsbruck, Iowa SU, Irvine UC, Istanbul Bogazici, KEK, Kobe, Kyoto, Kyoto UE, Lancaster, UN La Plata, Lecce, Lisbon LIP, Liverpool, Ljubljana, QMW London, RHBNC London, UC London, Lund, UA Madrid, Mainz, Manchester, Mannheim, CPPM Marseille, Massachusetts, MIT, Melbourne, Michigan, Michigan SU, Milano, Minsk NAS, Minsk NCPHEP, Montreal, McGill Montreal, FIAN Moscow, ITEP Moscow, MEPhI Moscow, MSU Moscow, Munich LMU, MPI Munich, Nagasaki IAS, Nagoya, Naples, New Mexico, New York, Nijmegen, BINP Novosibirsk, Ohio SU, Okayama, Oklahoma, Oklahoma SU, Oregon, LAL Orsay, Osaka, Oslo, Oxford, Paris VI and VII, Pavia, Pennsylvania, Pisa, Pittsburgh, CAS Prague, CU Prague, TU Prague, IHEP Protvino, Regina, Ritsumeikan, UFRJ Rio de Janeiro, Rome I, Rome II, Rome III, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, DAPNIA Saclay, Santa Cruz UC, Sheffield, Shinshu, Siegen, Simon Fraser Burnaby, SLAC, Southern Methodist Dallas, NPI Petersburg, Stockholm, KTH Stockholm, Stony Brook, Sydney, AS Taipei, Tbilisi, Tel Aviv, Thessaloniki, Tokyo ICEPP, Tokyo MU, Toronto, TRIUMF, Tsukuba, Tufts, Udine/ICTP, Uppsala, Urbana UI, Valencia, UBC Vancouver, Victoria, Washington, Weizmann Rehovot, FH Wiener Neustadt, Wisconsin, Wuppertal, Yale, Yerevan 8 8

the task

Pixel Detector (closest to collision point) installation a new invention/development for LHC pixel camera with 40 MHz exposure rate ~15 years from idea to realization space point resolution 10 µm x 100 µm ATLAS during construction end cap end cap end cap installed in ATLAS: May 2014 outermost cylinder (of 4)

Huge plans with silicon within HL-LHC Upgrade ... HL-LHC trackers of ATLAS and CMS ~ 2 x 200 m2 silicon detectors (strips & pixels) barrel end cap HGC = High Granularity Calorimeter (Hadron Global?) lead/copper/silicon sampling 1 x Handball Field 1/5 Fussball 1/7 American Football 4x Tennis

For the „Upgrade“: Pixel detector layout concepts 2 possible barrel concepts Extended Extend innermost barrel  cluster size may allow to reconstruct tracklets  seed fast track trigger with z0 and info Challenges: broken cluster z0 Inclined Sensors “perpendicular” to trajectories  reducing material seen by particles, potential reduction of barrel silicon area (9.30  6.52 m²) and services material (12.50  10.87 m²) Challenges: How to build?  Two possible implementations: Alpine / Slim Npix Teddy Todorov

Baseline: hybrid pixel detectors ATLAS CMS All based on Hybrid Pixels ALICE amplification by dedicated R/O chip 1-1 cell correspondence rate and radiation robust!

ATLAS Pixel Module (Bump und Flip Chip Technology) 50µm pitch hair IZM control cut “bare” module one of ~2000 built final modules with 16 + 1 chips and ~50.000 pixels

CMOS pixel program R (m) 1.0 0.5 0.0 R (m) Goal: employ CMOS technology for pixel sensors build (part of) the ATLAS tracking detector using CMOS pixels rather than hybrid at first target layer 5 farthest away from hot collision zone largest area (corresponding to ~500 wafers) later: also target inner layers ATLAS + CMS + ??? Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (DMAPS)

STREAM Marie Curie Training Network The STREAM Project is the EU Funded Marie Curie Innovative Training Network for CMOS Sensor Development in the context of LHC experiments and for selected industrial applications It will provide research and training in the fields of Physics Electronics Sensor Design System integration STREAM offers 17 positions for the Early-stage researchers Funded by EC – 4 years project duration (2016-2019) STREAM Website: http://stream.web.cern.ch/

STREAM and CMOS Sensors STREAM programme is designed to address the scientific goals and provide a training programme for the STREAM researchers. STREAM research and training work packages on CMOS Technologies Assessment Smart Sensor Design and Layout Validation and Qualification Technology Integration Valorization

STREAM work packages

Summary Our research is to develop “depleted CMOS Pixel Detectors” for particle detection in high particle rate and radiation applications like LHC. Concrete target: HL-LHC upgrade ... ATLAS Detector Time scale (present planning, delays possible): - R&D phase 2015 – 2019/20 - decision 2020/21 - building 2021 – 2024 - installation 2024/25 - ready for data taking 2025/26 Applications of CMOS pixel detectors much beyond ATLAS and investigated in STREAM other LHC detectors: ATLAS, CMS, LHCb, ALICE other particle physics and nuclear physics experiments X-ray and synchrotron radiation imaging Electron microscope Current progress is very steep! TowerJazz fabricated the first radiationhard monolithic depleted CMOS pixel matrix with small electrodes for best analog performance.