Quiz 2 Review Lesson 2: City-states & Greek Culture Election Week Lesson 3: Golden Age

Lesson 2 TO BE GREEK

Athens : Government In 594 B.C., Athenians asked a leader names Solon to make reforms in the government. Solon divided the people of Athens into classes based on wealth instead of birth inheritance. People with the most wealth became part of the ruling class. After the “Dark Ages”, Athens was ruled by an aristocracy. Leaders would struggle together for control of the city-state.

Athens : Government More reforms were made in 508 B.C. when Cleisthenes, one of the leaders, opened the government to all free men 18 years of age or older. He created a new council. Each year an election or draw was held to select a council of 500 male citizens. This system of government was known as the first form of democracy. Cleisnthenes’ reforms gave every adult male a chance to serve in the government.

To Be Greek Each city-state was independent from each other. As a result they did not think of each other as a country. Each city-state had a cultural identity that connected them with other city-states. Greeks were set apart from the other people living in the Mediterranean region because the believed they were different from everyone else.. Anyone who could not speak Greek was considered a Barbarian.

To Be Greek: Mythology All the people of the different city-states shared common ancestor. His name was Hellen This is why they called there “country” the Hellas The people called them selves Hellenes. *Known to us as Greeks* The Hellenes believed that there god controlled events both in nature and in human life. Zeus: Leader of the Gods Athena: Goddess of wisdom and warfare Aphrodite: Goddess of love and beauty. Hermes: The messenger of Gods

To Be Greek: Olympics Greeks were united by activities like the Olympics. The Olympic Games were held every 4 years to honor Zeus.

To Be Greek Q: What common cultural identities brought the city-states together as Greeks? Answer: Religion Mythology Language Olympic Games

Election Week Election Week

Word Definition Ballot Candidate Campaign Debate Democracy A piece of paper listing the candidates running for office. A ballot is used to cast a vote. Candidate A person who is running for office in an election. Campaign A series of political actions (like advertisements, public appearances, and debates) that are used to help a candidate get elected to office. Debate A formal, public political discussion involving two or more candidates for office. In a debate, candidates state and defend their positions on major issues. Democracy A form of government in which people/citizens hold the power.

Word Definition Election Landslide Nominee Party Platform A process in which people vote to choose a leader or to decide on an issue. Landslide An overwhelming majority of votes for one party or candidate in an election. Nominee A person who is selected as a candidate for elections. Party A group of persons with common purposes or opinions who support one side of a dispute, question, debate, etc. Usually used in political elections. Platform A public statement of principles, objectives, and policy of a political party. Usually put forth by a representative or candidate of a party.

Word Definition Poll President Vice President Vote A survey of people (usually voters) that is taken to find out which candidate or issue they might vote for. President An officer appointed or elected to manage or lead an organized body of persons. Vice President Second in command to the President. Vote A formal expression of opinion or choice made by an individual or body of individuals.

EAIS Class President Election Process Get to know your party. Select a nominee from each party. Nominee’s introduce themselves to the class on a platform. A vote is taken to decide on the 2 Presidential Candidates. Presidential Candidates and their party campaign to be elected. Final Speech. Voting

How To Make A Party. In our class election we will be divided into 4 parties. Each party will have a common opinion or ideal.

A person who is selected as a candidate for elections. How to Select a Nominee. As a party you will see who is interested in becoming the Class President. This person should have the right idea of your parties beliefs and have solutions to the issues that matter to your party. When someone is elected, the party will then have a representative known as the Nominee. A person who is selected as a candidate for elections.

Nominee Introduction Speech This is a chance for each nominee to introduce themselves to the class as a whole. The Nominee’s speech should be appealing to the citizens of the class. Should mention issues that matter and solution. Should mention what skills he/she have to be Class President.

Selecting the Final Candidates. We, the class, will vote on who we believe should be running for Class President. This is according to the which nominee was more relatable and convincing.

The Campaign! A series of political actions (like advertisements, public appearances, and debates) that are used to help a candidate get elected to office. http://www.wikihow.com/Win-a-Student-Council-Election

The Debate/Speech This speech is a chance for the Candidates to express how they will make their class better. This is also a chance for the class to ask the Candidate questions and see how he/she responses. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vM4XXt5ic8

The Vote.

Lesson 3 The Golden age

What is the Golden Age? Historians use the phrase “Golden Age” to describe the time when people or civilization’s art, architecture, literature, and science is at its best. The Golden Age existed in the Classical Greek civilization for about 100 years (a century) from 490 B.C. to 390 B.C.

The Persian Wars In the beginning of the 500’s B.C. the city-states came together due to a common enemy. For hundreds of years the Greek city-states fought over land and trade. Who was the common enemy that brought the Greek people together? Persia.

The Persian Empire During the century that the city-states were fighting with each other for land and trading, the Persians were building a huge empire. This Persian Empire included: Assyria Babylonia Egypt & the Greek city-states in Asia Minor. In 490 B.C., the Persian king, Darius I decided to try to invade Greece’s mainland (The Balkan and Peloponnesus Peninsula). Darius I, the king of the Persian Empire.

The Persian Empire

The Persian Wars: Battle of Marathon Athens vs Persians Location: plain of Marathon Winner: Athens Date: 490 B.C. Fact: A messenger ran from Marathon to Athens to report the amazing victory.

The Persian Wars: Battle of Salamis Greek city-states vs Persians Location: At sea near the island of Salamis and on land at Plataea. Winner: Greek city-states Date: 480 B.C. Fact: The Persian forces, outnumbered the Greeks, yet the Greek still won.

The Greek Leagues Peloponnesian League Delian League Lead by Athens Lead by Sparta. Consists of southern city-states. Delian League Lead by Athens Consists of city-states from Attica, Asia Minor, and some of the Aegean Islands.

The Age of Pericles Pericles was a relative of Cleisthenes, the Athenian leader who had taken governing authority away from the aristocracy and given it to the city-state’s assembly. After the Persian War, Pericles wanted to continue making reforms to the Athenian democracy. Athens was led by Pericles during the time of the Golden Age. Pericles was a member of the city-state’s wealthy ruling class.

The Age of Pericles In 460 B.C., Pericles was elected as a leader in the Athenian Government. Over the next 30 years, Pericles made many changes to the Athenian government. How did Pericles change government in Athens? He introduced pay for public officials. He opened offices to male citizens in all classes.

“No one is prevented from being of service to the state because of being poor.” - Pericles

Achievements of the Golden Age The beauty of the city of Athens became an important cultural center. Pericles was a patron of learning, the arts, and writing. He hired the best architects and artists to build and decorate temples, theaters, and other public buildings.

Achievements of the Golden Age Writers: Herodotus An early historian Sophocles Wrote tragedies which were serious plays with unhappy endings. Aristophanes Wrote comedies which were plays design to make people laugh.

Achievements of the Golden Age During the Golden Age, scientist studied nature and human life. Some of there research changed the way people viewed there world. One the greatest scientists at the time was Hippocrates. He proved that illnesses came from natural causes. People at that time believed that illnesses were punishment from the Greek Gods. Hippocrates is best remembered for this “rules of behavior” that he wrote for doctors known as the Hippocrates Oath. This oath is still used today by doctors.

The End of the Golden Age What events brought to the end of the Golden Age? The Peloponnesian War The Plague The Rise of demagogues

The End of the Golden Age: Peloponnesian War Pericles wanted to make Athens not only the “ school of Greece” but also the most powerful city-states As a result he started conquering lands in Egypt . He also forces his allies from the Delian League to pay tribute as a price for peace and protection. The Spartans did not like the that Athens was growing in power, so they cut off friendly relations. In 431 B.C. Sparta and the Peloponnesus League went to war against Athens and the Delian League. This was the start of the Peloponnesian war.

The End of the Golden Age: The Plague In 430 B.C. , still during the Peloponnesian war, a plague spread out in Athens. It killed many people including ¼ of the Athenian army and Pericles himself.

The End of the Golden Age: Demagogues These new leaders made promises they could not keep and as a result the led the assembly to make poor decisions. These decisions began to weaken the city-state of Athens. For the next 27 years, the Peloponnesian and Delian Leagues fought each other. Since Pericles was no longer alive, the people of Athens and its assembly started following demagogues.

End of the Golden Age Since the Athenians were no longer strong enough to be in power, Athens surrendered to Sparta in the Peloponnesian War. Sparta quickly replaced the Athenian democracy with an Oligarchy like their own. The Athenians were not happy with the new system and soon rebelled. For a short time Athens returned to a democracy once again. This was the end of the Peloponnesian war.

DON’T FORGET TO STUDY ALL YOUR VOCABULARY! GOOD LUCK KIDS! YOU CAN DO IT!