The Makings of War

North v. South: Economy North: South: High immigration Access to railroads Industry: Manufactured goods Abolitionists: A group of people opposed to slavery South: A small group of wealthy farm owners Plantation farming: A large farm where slave laborers grow crops Slaves: African Americans who worked without pay and had limited freedom

The North

The South

North v. South: Slavery North: South: Believed white people were superior to African Americans Opposed slavery The presence of slaves took away job opportunities from white people South: Believed white people were superior to African Americans Supported slavery The presence of slaves offered free labor

Mason-Dixon Line Divides the North from the South

Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny: The common belief in the United States that the U.S. was destined to expand from coast to coast

Manifest Destiny What do you think are the consequences of manifest destiny?

The Mexican American War 1846: The United States went to war with Mexico The U.S. won more territory The problem: Do these territories become “free” or “slave”? The Gadsden Purchase

Free or slave? What are the advantages of slave labor? What are the disadvantages of slave labor?

The Wilmot Proviso Northerners proposed the Wilmot Proviso which declared that slavery must be outlawed in all territory gained from the Mexican American War. Congress never passed it as a law, but it upset the South

The Compromise of 1850 The people of California (The Gold Rush) wanted to become a “free” state If California became a free state, then the Southern states would be in the minority The Compromise of 1850 (3 parts): California became a “free” state Congress couldn’t pass any laws banning slavery in any other territories won in the Mexican American War

The Compromise of 1850 3. The Fugitive Slave Act declared that all runaway slaves were to be captured and brought back to their owners in the south Intended to help slave owners Upset Northerners who had to track slaves down

Kansas-Nebraska Act Organization of the Nebraska Territory Proposed by Stephen Douglas Planned to split the territory into two parts Kansas Nebraska Popular sovereignty: Residents of these territories would vote to be a “free” territory or a “slave” territory Upset Northerners who feared slavery would spread

Violence Bleeding Kansas: Pro-slavery settlers rushed into the Kansas territory, and 5,000 Missouri residents voted illegally for proslavery representatives Antislavery settlers rejected the elected government and caused uprisings against proslavery settlers

Violence Bleeding Sumner: In May of 1856, Senator Charles Sumner gave a speech against slavery which insulted Senator A.P. Butler Preston Brooks, a relative of A.P. Butler marched into Congress and beat Sumner with a cane causing severe injuries Praised by the South as an honorable action

Politics: Slavery As a result of the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the rising violence between the North and the South, slavery became the primary political debate of the 1856 presidential election

Politics: Slavery The Republican Party: Created in 1854 to oppose slavery Presidential nominee: John C. Fremont The Democratic Party: Supported states rights which gave every state the right to choose to have slavery Presidential nominee: James Buchanan

Presidential Election of 1856

Presidential Election of 1856 Though Buchanan won, the election proved that the U.S. was split over one issue Slavery

The Breaking Point The Dred Scott decision Dred Scott, an African American slave, sued for his freedom because he had lived in several “free” territories during his time as a slave The decision: African Americans, whether or not they are slaves, can never become American citizens Slave owners who move into “free” territories can’t have their property taken from them Northerners became outraged

Lincoln-Douglas Debate Abraham Lincoln v. Stephen Douglas compete for the Illinois U.S. Senate seat Lincoln: Slavery is “a moral, a social, and a political wrong.” Douglas: “The people have the lawful means to introduce it (slavery) or exclude it as they please”

Abraham Lincoln “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do not expect the house to fall’ but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other.”

“A House Divided” Where did Lincoln get the statement, “A house divided against itself cannot stand”? The Bible Why do you think he chose to quote the Bible?

The Winner Stephen Douglas wins Lincoln becomes the figurehead of the Republican Party and will become their presidential nominee in the 1860 election

John Brown’s Raid 1859: John Brown led a raid on Harpers Ferry in an attempt to arm slaves and overthrow the U.S. arsenal in Virginia. Unsuccessful Brown was caught, found guilty of treason, and hanged His death fueled antislavery and caused Northerners to despise the South.

Presidential Election of 1860 Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln The Southern Democrats left the Democratic Party to protect slavery Southern Democrats nominated John Breckinridge who supported slavery and secession Northern Democrats nominated Stephen Douglas who defeated Lincoln in the 1858 Illinois U.S. Senate race The Constitutional Party, whose single goal was to keep the Union together, nominated John Bell

1860 Presidential Election John Breckinridge Abraham Lincoln Stephen Douglas John Bell

Taking Sides Using your notes, depict the following information on your region’s poster and prepare to share it with the class. Economy (how your region makes money) View on slavery States located in your region Events that upset your region Important people who support your region Important terms (abolitionist, manifest destiny, etc)