Dred Scott Case and John Brown

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Dred Scott Case and John Brown Notes Video: Story of US – Division Chapter 10: QUIZ Thursday

Dred Scott v. Sandford – 1857 (Supreme Court Case) Dred Scott [slave] taken from slave state to free states sued for freedom [lived in free state/territory for long time] reached SC eleven years later Supreme Court ruling (7 to 2) AGAINST Scott: - not a citizen  can’t use courts - Congress didn’t have right to prohibit slavery - Missouri Comp unconstitutional  judicial review - violate 5th Amend.  can’t deny property rights all 3 branches had failed to resolve the issue of slavery in states/territories

John Brown Raid on Harper’s Ferry, VA (1859) 1859: JB led army of 18 into HF [small town] plan  instigate slave rebellion - seized fed. arsenal / took hostages - no slaves arrived - no escape route and 1 day of rations militia and JB’s men exchanged gunfire [over in < 36 hours] - 2 townspeople and 8 of JB’s men killed JB captured  guilty of treason  hanged N reaction: - admired courage  martyrdom (died for a cause) South: - shocked, outraged at support for fanatic capable of killing and destroying property compromise silenced

Lincoln-Douglas Debates (Senate Race 1858) face-to-face debates around - 7 locations throughout Illinois audience of 10,000+ [Illinoisans, other states, news reporters] - participated (?s, cheers, applause, laughs)

Douglas “Freeport Doctrine” advocated for popular sovereignty response to Dred Scott ruling: - laws & SCOTUS decision not as important as people’s actions seen as betrayal by many S Democrats Lincoln’s “House Divided…” …cannot stand.” blacks entitled rights enumerated in Dec of Ind - life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness Election Results: nobody wins majority state legislator chooses Douglas Lincoln up and coming political star

from Freeport Doctrine: can the people of a Territory in any lawful way…exclude slavery from their limits prior to the formation of a State Constitution?... It matters not what way the Supreme Court may hereafter decide…people have the lawful means to introduce it or exclude it as they please, for the reason that slavery cannot exist a day or an hour anywhere, unless it is supported by local police regulations…still the right of the people to make a slave Territory or a free Territory from “A House Divided” In my opinion, [issue of slavery] will not cease until a crisis shall have been reached and passed. "A house divided against itself cannot stand." I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do not expect the house to fall; but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other.

Pres. Election of 1860 Name Abraham Lincoln John C. Breckinridge John Bell Stephen A. Douglas Party Republican Southern Dem Const Union Democratic State Illinois Kentucky Tennessee Electoral Votes 180 (152 to win) 72 39 12 Popular Votes 1,865,908 848,019 590,901 1,380,202

Presidential Election 1860 - Lincoln Wins (180 of 303 electoral votes)

Southern Secession December 20, 1860 South Carolina passed a secession ordinance - other states followed [MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, and TX] split by February 1861 Confederate States of America formed in Alabama