The Nation Splits Chapter 10
Presidents 6th John Quincy Adams 7th Andrew Jackson 8th Martin Van Buren 9th William Henry Harrison 10th John Tyler 11th James Polk 12th Zachary Taylor
Popular Sovereignty An idea suggested by Lewis Cass of Michigan where the people living in the territory determine if they live in a free or slave state.
The Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay – the Great Compromiser Great Debate Daniel Webster – MA John Calhoun - SC
The Compromise of 1850 California – Free state Popular sovereignty in Utah & New Mexico territories Texas border dispute with New Mexico resolved Slave trade (not slavery itself) abolished in the District of Columbia Federal enforcement of Fugitive Slave Act
Fugitive Slave Act Anyone accused of being a slave was brought before a federal commissioner Freed slaves couldn’t even testify for themselves Commissioners that ruled for the slaveholders earned $10, judgment in favor of the accused paid only $5 All citizens had to assist in the arrest of escape slaves
Underground Railroad Organization of abolitionists to transport runaway slaves north to freedom.
Creation of the Republican Party Free-Soil Party – wanted to stop spread of slavery Antislavery groups combine to create the Republican Party in 1854, included Free-soilers, Whigs, Know-Nothings (nativist), American Party They link themselves to Jefferson’s original Democratic-Republicans
Kansas Nebraska Act Repealed the Missouri Compromise Cut Nebraska Territory into two The northern part could enter as free, the southern (Kansas) as slave Use Popular Sovereignty
Bleeding Kansas Both pro and anti slavery activists moved into Kansas to elect legislatures that represented their beliefs Missourian’s known as ‘border ruffians’ make trouble and fighting occur 200 people dead and $2 million in damage Result – Free State
The violence continues Charles Sumner a senator from Massachusetts blasts the institution of slavery He attacks personally the senator from SC, Andrew Butler Butler’s cousin, Preston Brooks attacks Sumner viciously
Dred Scott Decision 1857 Issue: Dred Scott was a slave from Missouri that moved and lived in a free territory, upon returning he sued for his freedom claiming that living in a free territory made him free Decision: Slaves are property Judge Roger Taney presided over the Supreme Court Pg. 336
Harper’s Ferry Raid - 1859 John Brown – a fierce abolitionist who believed in freeing the slaves by force, was a part of Bleeding Kansas Wanted to set up a base in Harper’s Ferry, VA to attack slave owners He attacked the arsenal and was defeated Tried for treason and hung
Presidents Millard Fillmore – 1850-1853 Franklin Pierce – 1853-1857 Signed Compromise of 1850 Franklin Pierce – 1853-1857 Signed Kansas-Nebraska Act James Buchanan – 1857-1861 Sent troops to arrest Frederick Douglass
Abraham Lincoln “A house divided” Lincoln-Douglas debates for Congress Results Douglas wins Lincoln becomes visible nationally Douglas loses some Southern support
Lincoln Elected Inaugural address- stop slavery from spreading into the western territories Preserve the Union South Carolina secedes Keep Maryland a part of the Union so the capitol is not surrounded by Confederate States
1. Henry Clay 2. Missouri Compromise 3. South Carolina 4. Maryland 5. Virginia 6. Free Soilers 7. Republicans 8. Underground RR 9. Transcontinental RR 10. John Brown 11. Border Ruffians 12. Dred Scott 13. Wilmot Proviso 14. Gadsden Purchase 15. Compromise of 1850 16. Kansas-Nebraska Act 17. Bleeding Kansas 18. Fugitive Slave Act 19. Abolitionist 20. Martial Law 21. Ft. Sumter 22. Insurrection 23. Popular Sovereignty 24. Confederate States