PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION/ INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION/ MANAGEMENT

Course Objectives Understand the concept of public administration/ management/ organization 2. Understand the evolution of the concept of public administration and its importance 3. Understand the role and function of government and public manager

4. Understand the structure of government 5. Create understanding about the skills required by the public manager in imparting duties 6. Understand the difference between public and business management 7. Know about the changing role of government

Importance of Course

Lecture 1 Introduction: definitions, concepts & setting

Overview The practice of public administration (PA) The meaning of PA Public administration as a subject of study Definition of Public administration Public administration, democracy and rights

The Meaning The word ‘administration’ has been derived from Latin words ‘ad’ = to and ‘ministiare’ = serve ‘Public’ =people or citizens Management = POSDCORB Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordination, Reporting, Budgeting Cooperative human endeavour to achieve given goals

Management is also defined as ‘cooperative human effort to achieve given goals

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION As a practice it is as old as the human civilization When human beings started living in society in an organized way they started the practice of administration

Egyptian Pyramids (1491 BC) Mohenjodaro and Harrapa

Public Administration was in practice As a discipline to be taught in formal educational institution, it started after World War I (1914), in USA and then Europe.

WHY PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION RECEIVED IMPETUS AS A SUBJECT? Expanding welfare role (distributive) of the government The emergence of private sector and regulatory role, of government Increasing efficiency of the Organization

Development of Science and Technology Better management of public matters through training in USA

DEFINITION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION “Public administration…. is the action part of government, the means by which the purposes and goals of government are realized”.

‘Public administration as a field is mainly concerned with the means for implementing political values…”

“The process of public administration consists of the actions involved in effecting the intent or desire of a government. It is thus the continuously active, ‘business’ part of government, concerned with carrying out the law, as made by legislative bodies (or other authoritative agents) and interpreted by the courts, through the processes of organization and management.”

(a) Is a cooperative group effort in a public setting; (b) Covers all three branches --- executive, legislative, and judicial -- and their interrelationships;

CONCLUSIONS Definitions of public administration are indeed a little confusing.

Some might say that there is really no such subject as “public administration,” but rather that public administration means different things to different observers and lacks a significant common theoretical or applied meaning

CONCLUSIONS Another conclusion that can be drawn from the multiplicity of definitions is that, on the contrary, public administration is everywhere. The study of public administration overlaps a number of other disciplines, including political science, sociology, economics, psychology, and business administration.

Public administration is the use of managerial, political, and legal theories and processes to fulfil the goals of government (welfare of public). (Institutions) (Government) (Citizens)

INSTITUTIONS OF STATE Legislature: Parliament (National and Provincial Assemblies) Judiciary: (Supreme Court & Provincial Courts) - and Session Courts) Executive ( National, Provincial) Ministries,Division, Departments /Directorates

Government It is process of governing It is the use of power derived from institutional law It is means, methods, manner, or system of governing society and organization

The government derive its systems and methods from the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan (1973) Article 90-99 gives provision for Rules of Business: The role, responsibilities of government organizations

WHAT IS DEMOCRACY ?

Greek word: Demos = ‘people’ Kratis = ‘authority’

Values of Democracy Individualism Equality Liberty

INDIVIDUALISM Individualism means that the dignity and integrity of individual is of supreme importance. It suggests that achieving the fullest potential of each individual is the best measure of the success of political system and government

EQUALITY All normal individuals are equal in their talents but also each individual has an equal claim to life, liberty and the pursuit to happiness

LIBERTY Citizens should have the right to the maximum opportunity to select own purpose in life and choose means to accomplish these. The citizen should be facilitated rather than hindered in their pursuit to a meaningful life.