Classical Conditioning

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Presentation transcript:

Classical Conditioning Unit 7: Learning Module 21: Classical Conditioning AP Psychology Mr. Ng

Learning Learning: a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience. Conditioning: the process of learning associations. Two types of conditioning: Classical Conditioning (Ivan Pavlov) Operant Conditioning (B.F. Skinner)

Classical Conditioning Associative Learning: learning that certain events occur together. Ex. Lightning & Thunder Behaviorism: science based on observable behavior. (John Watson)

Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov (1849 – 1936) John B. Watson (1878 – 1958) Studied Pavlov’s work.

Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning: Learning which takes place when two or more stimuli are presented together. Can be used to overcome fears, increasing or decreasing immune functioning, and increasing or decreasing attraction of people or products.

Classical Conditioning Stimulus: a change in the environment that elicits (brings about) a response. Ex. Doorbell, bright light… Neutral stimulus (NS): a stimulus that initially does not elicit a response. At first, subject does not react to neutral stimulus.

Classical Conditioning Unconditioned stimulus (US): stimulus that unconditionally, automatically triggers a response. Unconditioned response (UR): an automatic, involuntary reaction to an unconditioned stimulus.

Classical Conditioning Conditioned stimulus (CS): a neutral stimulus (NS) at first, but when paired with the US, it elicits the conditioned response (CR). Conditioned response (CR): the learned response to a previously neutral, but now conditioned stimulus.

Classical Conditioning Acquisition: learning to give a known response to a new stimulus, the neutral stimulus. Extinction: The diminishing response that occurs when the CS no longer signals an impending US. Spontaneous recovery: after extinction, and without training, the previous CS suddenly elicits the CR again temporarily.

Classical Conditioning Pavlov’s Classic Experiment

Classical Conditioning Associating onion breath to sexual arousal!

Classical Conditioning Generalization: The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus. Ex. Pavlov’s dog would salivate when a different tone was played.

Classical Conditioning Discrimination: the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other irrelevant stimuli. Ex. Different anxiety over math test versus ACT.

Classical Conditioning Cancer patients after chemotherapy.

Classical Conditioning What did Pavlov teach us? All organisms can learn to adapt to their environment. Learning is a process that is observable. Pavlov’s work paved the way for Watson’s “Little Albert” experiments.