“CHARACTERIZATION OF CONCENTRATED LIGHT BEAMS WITH APPLICATIONS TO

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“CHARACTERIZATION OF CONCENTRATED LIGHT BEAMS WITH APPLICATIONS TO International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006 “CHARACTERIZATION OF CONCENTRATED LIGHT BEAMS WITH APPLICATIONS TO SOLAR CONCENTRATORS” Part B: “Radiometric methods” Antonio Parretta ENEA – Bologna

OUTLINE 1. The Double Cavity Radiometer: i) Theory ii) Practical realization iii) Calibration iv) Applications 2. Introduction to radiometers for solar concentrators with cylindrical receivers Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

DCR-1 Radiometer Optical fibre Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

DCR-1 Radiometer Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

DCR-1 Radiometer Solar Simulator Gauge head Diode array Spectrograph Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

DCR-1 Radiometer Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

DCR-1 Radiometer Spectrum of light Control module Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

DCR-1 Radiometer Touchscreen of the control module Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

DOUBLE-CAVITY RADIOMETER (DCR) Calibration Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

DCR Calibration at PASAN Solar Simulator Lamp power supply Console simulator + PC DCR Radiometer T (°C) I/V dia lf sc la bo co ra cr sl Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

DCR Calibration at PASAN Solar Simulator DCR gauge head Fresnel lens Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

DCR Calibration Calibration curves obtained by pulsed measurements of Isc on the DCR and on the reference SP-HECO252 cell. Measurements taken at T=25°C. Input window area: Sin= 1.96 cm2.

Reflectance of DCR wall Reflectance of DCR internal wall as function of wavelength.

Attenuation factor for power measurements Experimental attenuation factor vs. insert area, compared to the curves of the optical model. Added dark area = 0 cm2.

Attenuation factor for power measurements Experimental attenuation factor vs. insert area, compared to the curves of the optical model. Added dark area = 1 cm2.

Attenuation factor for flux density measurements Experimental data of attenuation factor vs. insert area, compared to the curves of the analytical optical model. Added dark area = 1 cm2.

CONCLUSIONS ABOUT DCR The DCR radiometer is a simple and easy-to-use apparatus. Main features of DCR: i) It measures both the total power of the beam and the flux density distribution. ii) It allows the controlled and precise attenuation of the incident radiation. It can operate between about 1 sun up to thousands of suns. iv) The response is quite independent of the incident direction and divergence of the beam. The measurement is made in a stationary regime. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS to M. Pellegrino, G. Flaminio (ENEA-Portici) for the PASAN calibration measurements. Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

RADIOMETERS FOR SOLAR CONCENTRATORS WITH CYLINDRICAL RECEIVERS Introduction Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

Photovoltaic collar (1st version) Eleven Photodetectors: HECO 252 SunPower cells Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

Photovoltaic collar (2nd version) Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

Photovoltaic collar (2nd version) Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

Photovoltaic collar (2nd version) Photo taken by a CCD from the bottom of the mirrors Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

Photovoltaic collar (2nd version) Corresponding photodetectors signals Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

Photovoltaic collar (2nd version) Photodetectors temperatures Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

CONCLUSIONS ABOUT PV COLLAR A static PV collar has been developed It allows to obtain precise measurements of concentrated radiation Temperature of photodetectors is acceptably low Ways to select the incoming radiation are being studied A moving version of the PV collar is under project Optical calibration with PASAN at Portici for absolute measurements are foreseen Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006