Imperialism Mr. Schaal

Imperialism U.S. extending its power economically, politically, and militarily over other nations.

Economically Economically- U.S. needs raw materials to produce goods and they need markets to sell them in.

Militarily Militarily- U.S. needs a strong Navy to protect shipping lanes (trade routes) and bases for ships to refuel and re- supply.

Politically- U.S. needs to spread democracy.

Ethnocentrism Some people argued that the US had the responsibility to spread Christianity to civilizations around the world with “inferior people” (cultural superiority)

American Ideology and Imperialism Capitalism leads directly to imperialism Exporting goods is most important. Intervention in other country’s affairs is permitted to keep markets open. U.S. survival is threatened if foreign markets are closed.

Acquiring Alaska William Seward—Secretary of State under Lincoln, Johnson has trouble convincing House to fund purchase Alaska called “Seward’s Icebox,” “Seward’s Folly” Why Alaska??

Taking Hawaii Mid-1800s, American-owned sugar plantations 75% of islands’ wealth 1887, U.S. pressures Hawaii to allow naval base at Pearl Harbor becomes refueling station 1890 McKinley Tariff eliminates duty-free status of Hawaiian sugar 1887, businessmen force King Kalakaua to limit vote to landowners Queen Liliuokalani tries to remove landowning requirement With help of marines, business groups overthrow the queen Set up government headed by Sanford B. Dole

Spanish American War Cuba was politically and economically unstable. The US had millions of dollars invested in Cuba’s sugar market. Cubans were dependent on US for a stable economy. Under Spanish rule, Cubans had a history of rebellion. As resentment towards Spain grew, the threat of war escalated.

Spanish American War Cont. Jose Marti- launched a revolution in 1895. To provoke American intervention he deliberately destroyed American property including sugar mills and plantations. 1896, General Valeriano Weyler sent to Cuba to restore order Puts about 300,000 Cubans in concentration camps

Yellow Journalism Reporting that exaggerates the news to attract readers; uses sensational headlines and photos. Reports of “the butcher” (Weyler) killing innocent children deepened American sympathy for the Cuban revolt.

De Lome Letter President McKinley tried to work things out diplomatically with Spain. All was fine until a letter, written by the Spanish Minister (De Lome) was leaked to the press by a Cuban rebel. The Letter criticized the President. Americans become very angry with Spain.

Sent to protect American Interests in Cuba. USS Maine Sent to protect American Interests in Cuba. It explodes killing 260 Americans The press blamed Spain.

War in The Philippines First battle with Spain occurs in Spanish colony of the Philippines Commodore George Dewey destroys Spanish fleet in Manila harbor Filipino rebels, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, support the U.S. August 1898, Spanish troops in Manila surrender to U.S

Battle of San Juan Hill Rough Riders Rough Riders— Leonard Wood, Theodore Roosevelt lead volunteer cavalry Roosevelt declared hero of attack on strategic San Juan Hill Spanish fleet tries to escape blockade, is destroyed in naval battle U.S. troops invade Puerto Rico soon after

The War “Splendid Little War” Public opinion favored war Lasted 16 weeks (4 months) 5,400 Americans lost their lives only 385 of those killed in action. African Americans were not recognized

Treaty of Paris Cuba became independent (Spain no longer controls) Platt amendment- limited foreign interaction and gave US the right to a naval base in Cuba and the power to send troops to keep order. US gained Puerto Rico and Guam as territories US annexed the Philippines Paid 20 million to Spain to have control of the Philippine Islands- 100,000 square miles and 10 million people. Island would remain independent; however, US would appoint a Governor. America had an Empire

American Empire Puerto Rico and Guam (1898) Panama Canal (1904-1914) Yellow Fever, Malaria and the bubonic plague are common diseases Took 9 years to clear the brush and drain swamps 43,000 workers employed 5,600 died from accidents and disease Cost US government 380 million

“Open Door” Policy China No single nation could have a monopoly on trade with China Nations reluctantly agreed to abide by this policy.

What happened with the open door policy China was and is considered a vast opportunity for American business to export their goods Boxer Rebellion Secret society in China that existed to expunge or get rid of foreign devils from their land

Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt fears European intervention if Latin America defaults on loans Reminds Europeans of Monroe Doctrine, demands they stay out Roosevelt Corollary—U. S. to use force to protect economic interests

Dollar Diplomacy Early 1900s, U.S. exercises police power on several occasions Dollar diplomacy— U.S. guarantees foreign loans by U.S. business