Spanish Civil War People and Parties Mr. Parker IBH1

Miguel Primo de Rivera Spanish General Seized power in a coup in 1923 Dictator 1923-1930 Had plans for infrastructure development But economic crisis deepened

Niceto Alcala Zamora 1877-1949 Liberal Politician Prime Minister - but resigned over the Constitution President of Spain - 1931-1936 Controversially dissolved the Cortes on several occassions Appointed Lerroux over CEDA Ousted by Popular Front in 1936 Spent much of the Civil War outside Spain Went into exile in Argentina

Alejandro Lerroux 1864-1949 Radical Republican Party Controversial figure - opposed Catalan Nationalism Prime Minister of Spain 3 times in 2nd Republic Sept - Oct. 1933 1933-1934 1934-1935 Chosen PM because President did not want a CEDA PM. Fled to Portugal when war broke out

Manuel Azaña 1880-1940 Prime Minister and President of the 2nd Republic PM - 1931-1933 and 1936 President 1936-1939 Republican and Reformer Hostile to the Monarchy and the Catholic Church Seen as contributing to the Civil War as he refused to reign in the excesses of the Socialists and Communists - saw the only threats as coming from the Right and the military.

Jose Calvo Soleto Right wing politician and activist Assassinated by Socialist forces His assassination is seen as “the spark” that started the Spanish Civil War

Santiago Casares Quiroga Prime Minister in 1936 at time of the Coup Republican Left politician Galician nationalist Refused to arm the Republican civilians when war broke out. Fled to France and died in exile.

Generals Manuel Goded Llopis, Emilio Mola and Sanjurjo All three were conservative leaders in the Spanish military. All three were planners and participants in the 1936 coup. All three died early in the war. Mola and Sanjurjo died in a plane crash in 1937 Llopis was captured by the Republicans and sentenced to death by firing squad.

General Francisco Franco 1892-1975 General and leader of the Falange Party Military experienced and leader of the Military Academy Participant in the 1936 Coup that started the Civil War Supreme military commander in Civil War Good relationship with Hitler and Mussolini

Francisco Largo Caballero 1869-1946 Socialist - PSOE and UGT Head of PSOE Prime Minister - 1936-1937 As PM focussed on unifying the Republican forces. Forced out of office in 1937 Fled to France at end of Civil War Arrested and sent to concentration camp. Died in Paris in 1946

Indalecio Prieto Tuero 1883-1962 Member of he PSOE - Socialist Minister of Defense during the Spanish Civil War Struggled to organise the Republican forces due to internal divisions Fled into exile. Died in Mexico

Juan Negrin Prime Minister of Spain from 1937-1939 Socialist - member of PSOE Cooperated with Communists Oversaw the Loyalist/Republican defeat in the Civil War Proposed two peace deals, rejected by Franco. Overthrown by an internal coup and fled to France. Died in exile.

Republicans The Republican or Loyalist faction Defenders of the Second Republic in the face of the military coup Loose confederation of liberal, left wing and ethnic (Basque and Catalan) groups. POUM PSOE CNT UGT Popular Front International Brigades

Nationalists Or Nationalist Faction Rebel group Coalition of right wing, nationalist and conservative groups Falange CEDA Army Civil Guard Condor Legion Supported by Hitler and Mussolini

Popular Front Centre-Left coalition to compete against CEDA Came to power in 1936 election Their election led to Civil War Coalition included: PSOE Spanish Communist Party POUM Basque Nationalists Catalan Nationalists

CEDA Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right Wing Groups Formed during Second Republic to combat the liberal and left wing governments Saw itself as defensive organisation - defending Spain from Marxism Held rallies and called leader “Jefe” Participated in Spanish politics, but never strong enough to form government Welcomed the military coup, but was soon dissolved by Franco

Carlists A right wing political party Part of the Nationalist alliance They were conservative They wanted a return to the Monarchy and supported the Catholic Church Merged with the Falange Party in 1936

UGT General Union of Workers Active in Spanish politics Affiliated with PSOE

CNT Worker’s Organisation - originally based in Catalonia More politically active than UGT Came into conflict with different governments during the Second Republic Emerged as a more radical alternative after 1933 During the Civil War it cooperated with the Republican faction Participated in government and military actions. Outlawed in 1939

PSOE Spanish Socialist Worker’s Party Founded In 1879 Marxist Party - pushed for huge changes in Spanish society, government and economy Participated in the Second Republic and the Popular Front Three divisions Radical revolutionary led by Caballero Moderate social democrat by Prieto Reform Participated militarily in Civil War Banned by Franco in 1939

POUM Worker’s Party of Marxist Unification Communist aligned party Founded during the Second Republic in 1935 Grew larger than official Comm. Party Participated in Popular Front, but unable to push through their agenda 40 000 members at height of Civil War George Orwell fought alongside POUM Driven underground after the Civil War

PSUC Socialist Party of Catalonia Formed in 1936 after a merger of several Marxist groups in Catalonia Combined Socialism and Catalan nationalism Membership reached 50 000 during the war Affiliated with the comintern Outlawed in 1939

Falange Right wing political party Founded in the 1930’s Ultr-anationalist Militarist Promoted traditional values Opposed to Basque and Catalan nationalism Founded in the 1930’s Merged with Carlists in 1937 They were led by Francisco Franco Franco exerted control of the party and made it a leader in the Nationalist cause. With the end of the Civil War the Falangists formed the government in Spain.

International Brigade International volunteers who fought on the side of the Republicans Made up of idealistic liberal and socialist individuals from many different nations The American division was known as the Abraham Lincoln Brigade An estimated 30 000 followers served in the International Brigades

Condor Legion Luftwafte pilots and planes who served on the side of the Nationalists Estimated at 600 pilots and planes Carried out bombing raids, the most infamous being the raid on Guernica. Their participation was an important part of Hitler’s plans for WW2