Harley-Davidson Museum Milwaukee, WI. Jonathan Rumbaugh, BAE/MAE Mechanical Option Advisor: Dr. William Bahnfleth
Project Sponsors
Presentation Outline Project Background Existing Conditions Thesis Goals Depth One Thermal Bridging Depth Two Heat Rejection Cooling Tower River Water Depth Three CHP Feasibility Conclusions
Building Statistics Size (Total Square Feet): 130,000 Number Stories Above grade: 3 Construction timeline : April 2005 – May 2008 Overall Project Cost: $75 million
Location & Layout N
Location & Layout N
Location & Layout
Location & Layout
Location & Layout
Mechanical Design Two Roof Mounted 300 Ton Air-cooled Rotary Screw Chillers Four 2000 MBH Sealed Combustion Condensing Boilers Variable Primary Flow 11 Air Handling Units 2 5 4
Energy Model
Energy Model $0.10 / kWh Electricity $0.80 / Therm Natural Gas
Emissions Calculations use factors from the Regional Grid emissions Factors 2007. table B-10
Emissions 9 Million lbs. of C02e / year 867 acres
Comparison
Goals Reduce Emissions Reduce Energy Consumption Reduce Operating Cost
Proposal Decrease Thermal Loads Through Envelope Increase Efficiency of Chilled Water Production Become Energy Independent From Grid
Depth One Thermal Bridging
Depth One Thermal Bridging
Depth One Thermal Bridging Outside Inside Location of thermal break N
Depth One Thermal Bridging
Depth One Thermal Bridging
Depth One Thermal Bridging
Depth One Thermal Bridging
Depth One Thermal Bridging 8760 hr. study Total: 108.19 Watts per year Lowest indoor temp = 69 oF Savings: $1,271.19 / year [Main gallery] For a simple payback of 5 years Each Thermal Break = $653
Depth One Thermal Bridging
Depth One Thermal Bridging
Depth One Thermal Bridging
Depth One Thermal Bridging
Two 300 Ton Air Cooled Chillers EER 9.4 Depth Two Heat Rejection Two 300 Ton Air Cooled Chillers EER 9.4 Carrier
Depth Two Heat Rejection Carrier
Two 300 Ton Water Cooled Chillers COP 5.9 Depth Two Heat Rejection Two 300 Ton Water Cooled Chillers COP 5.9 EPA
Depth Two Heat Rejection
Depth Two Heat Rejection Additional Water: 2,500 1000gal Cost : $5,500.00 / year Capital: -$42,850
Depth Two Heat Rejection 30 Year LCC Existing Air-Cooled System: $4,045,288.09 Alternative 2; Water-Cooled System: $3,861,471.04 Savings: $183,817.05
Depth Two Heat Rejection Supply Return
Depth Two Heat Rejection
Depth Two Heat Rejection Cold Water Temp = 0.739*WB + 27.35
Depth Two Heat Rejection
Depth Two Heat Rejection
Depth Two Heat Rejection
Depth Two Heat Rejection Capital: +$104,255
Depth Two Heat Rejection Simple Payback: 2.8 years Discount payback : 3.0 years 30 Year LCC Alternative 2; Cooling Tower System: $3,861,471.04 Alternative 3; River Water System: $3,641,264.61 Savings: $220,206.43
Depth Two Heat Rejection
Air-Cooled vs. Water-Cooled with River Water Depth Two Heat Rejection Air-Cooled vs. Water-Cooled with River Water Capital cost increased 10% [$61,400.00] Annual operating cost reduced by 14% [$21,732.00] 30 year LCC reduced 10% [$389,986.00] Simple payback 3 years
Depth Three CHP Feasibility
Electric Cost: $0.10/kWh = $29.30/MMBTU Depth Three CHP Feasibility Spark Gap Electric Cost: $0.10/kWh = $29.30/MMBTU Gas Cost: : $0.80/therm = $8.00/MMBTU 1 : 3.7 Ratio , 1 : 4 [rule of thumb]
Depth ThreeCHP Feasibility Thermal-to-Electric Ratio = 0.74 Recommended: 373 kWe Gas Engine
Conclusions Depth Three CHP Feasibility Additional Cost $564,000 Generation Cost $0.088 /kWh 1.2 cents less than purchased Total Savings: $140,000 /year Simple Payback: 4.04 Years CO2 reduction of 62%
+ + = = Total $160,000 Annually 4 Year Payback 65% Reduction of CO2 Recommendations + + Total $160,000 Annually 4 Year Payback 65% Reduction of CO2 = =
Questions?
Depth One Thermal Bridging Member Force Allowable Actual OK? Beam Bending Moment 64.12 ft kips 18.5 ft kips Yes Shear 79.1 kips 3.7 kips Girder 3723 ft kips 686 ft kips 886 kips 40.05 kips Live Load Deflection 3.4” 2.75” Total Deflection 6.85” 6.6” Column Load 355 kips 50 kips Thermal Break 13,400 psi 2.24 psi