National Conference on Agriculture for Rabi Campaign, 2013 Group –IV Interventions to increase Oilseeds, Pulses Production in different ecologies Date : 24-25 Sept Venue: National Agriculture Science Centre Pusa Complex, New Delhi DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & CANE DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT OF JHARKHAND

JHARKHAND STATE PROFILE Area in % Area in Lakhs Ha * Total Geographical Area : 79.71 * Total Cultivable Land : 38.00 * Net Sown Area : 28.08% 25.75 * Current Fallow : 11.12% 8.87 * Other Fallow : 08.46% 6.75 * Forest : 29.20% 23.28 * Barren Lands : 7.20% 5.74 * Non – Agricultural Use : 8.60% 6.86 * Pasture and Other Grazing Land : 2.48% 1.97 * Cultivable Waste Land : 3.44% 2.74 * Irrigated land : 12.73% 3.007 * Cropping Intensity : 116%

Average Normal rainfall -1200 to 1300 mm Rainfall during June to Sept -80 % of total Rainfall Present Trend of Rainfall - Rainfall delayed & Late onset of Monsoon Upto 20th Sept 2013

Rainfall…..monthly distribution

Rainfall during April to Sept.(mm) S No. Year Source : Directorate of Agril. Source : IMD, Ranchi Normal Actual 1 2013-14 992.1 820.7 1148.1 823.8 2 April 12.4 20.9 22.30 3 May, 42.2 78.7 44.9 4 June 167.7 162.9 196.6 5 July 276.1 197.4 327.0 6 Aug 273.5 266.3 322.5 7 21st Sept,13 220.2 94.5 234.8 97.6

Land Situation Total Cultivable Land - 38 lakh ha Area under Kharif - 26 lakh ha Area under Rabi - 6-7 Lakh ha Upland Rice Area - 5-6 Lakh ha Rice Fallow Area - 12-14 Lakh ha There is a potential of taking Pulses & Oilseeds in 12-14 Lakh ha of Rice-Fallow area.

APY of Cereals, Pulses, Oilseeds and others Area in ‘000 ha Production in ‘000 tonnes Yield in kg/ha Crop 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 A P Y Cereals 1998.951 3866.587 1934 1282.024 1914.874 1494 1041.533 1534.982 1474 Pulses (Kharif) 222.948 131.351 589 172.983 114.854 649 278.255 187.466 673 Rabi 236.928 137.431 580 128.784 104.875 814 127.02 124.956 984 Total 459.876 268.782 584 301.767 219.729 728 405.275 312.422 770 Oilseeds (Kharif) 29.816 21.179 710 23.884 13.944 583 54.693 32.78 599 100.706 52.127 518 117.573 64.931 552 127.320 80.880 635 130.522 73.306 561 141.457 78.875 558 182.013 113.66 624 Others 155.165 934.487 16940 -- Crop 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14* A P Y Cereals 2140.333 6367.733 2975 1792.453 4719.203 2415 1268.088 3064.199 1187 Pulses (Kharif) 287.472 243.792 848 336.253 314.771 936 315.858 309.580 981 Pulses (Rabi) 251.312 248.458 989 214.765 357.712 1666 Total 538.784 492.25 913 551.018 672.483 1220 - Oilseeds (Kharif) 29.173 25.120 861 35.566 32.357 909 Rabi 199.694 130.403 653 196.714 153.055 773 228.807 155.733 679 232.280 184.392 794 Others 6.607 457.309 69215 * 1st Advance estimate

Coverage of Kharif and Rabi Pulses in ‘000 ha

Production of Kharif and Rabi Pulses in ‘000 Tonnes

Coverage of Kharif and Rabi Oilseeds in ‘000 ha

Production of Kharif and Rabi Oilseeds in ‘000 Tonnes

APY of different Pulses Crops Area in ‘000 ha Production in ‘000 tonnes Yield in kg/ha Crop 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 A P Y Arhar 103.380 63.717 616 61.181 53.277 870 103.806 71.156 685 Urad 86.417 50.558 585 63.177 35.079 650 89.592 71.856 802 Moong 14.601 8.541 584 14.044 7.724 550 46.891 23.473 500 Kulthi 13.98 6.08 435 36.575 22.759 622 29.402 17.015 578 Bengal Gram 89.535 80.309 896 63.001 57.59 913 69.924 73.536 1052 Masur 19.514 15.803 809 42.726 34.461 806 20.939 17.210 822 Pea 25.808 34.901 1352 24.097 21.311 884 36.157 34.210 946 Crop 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 * A P Y Arhar 137.741 125.906 914 192.737 199.819 1039 178.068 199.436 1120 Urad 99.591 88.851 892 95.962 86.812 905 98.452 86.638 880 Moong 17.261 11.682 696 25.497 16.068 630 20.960 11.738 560 Kulthi 15.772 9.460 625 11.253 6.634 590 - Bengal Gram 149.474 154.819 1036 136.395 251.940 1847 Masur 50.030 42.235 844 38.465 44.109 1147 Pea 41.505 46.315 1116 23.997 48.193 2008 * 1st Advance Estimate

Coverage of different Pulses crops (’000 ha)

Productivity Chart of Arhar, Urad, Moong & Kulthi Unit in Kg/ha

Productivity Chart of Arhar, Urad, Moong & Kulthi Unit in Kg/ha

Productivity (Kg/ha) Chart of Pea, Bengal Gram, Masur

Popular varieties under Pulses Sl. No. Crop Varieties 1. Arhar Bahar, Birsa Arhar-1, UPAS-120, ICPL-87119 (Asha), ICPL-85063 (Laxmi), ICPH- 2671, Narandra - 1 2. Black Gram (Urad) T9, Pant U-19, Pant U-30, Birsa Urad-1, Pant U-40 3. Green Gram (Moong) Pusa Vishal, SML- 668, K-851, PDM – 139, TM-37 4. Horse Gram (Kulthi) Birsa Kulthi-1, Madhu, A. K. -21, A. K. -42 5. Chickpea (Gram) BG-372, Pant G -114, Pusa -256, Kranti (ICCU-37), KWR -108, KPG-59, H.K.– 94 -134, KAK-2 6. Lentil (Masur) PL-406, PL – 639, KLS – 218, K- 75, HUL - 57 7. Pea DDR-23, Pusa Prabhat , Malviya Matar – 15

Seed Production Status (Pulses) Year Crop Production in Qtls 2011-12 Arhar 2450 qtls Lentil 25 qtls Gram 250 qtls Total 2725 qtls 2012-13 1410 qtls 1000 qtls 500 qtls 2910 qtls 2013-14 * 17184 qtls Blackgram 1540 qtls Moong 1496 qtls 26500 qtls 4000 qtls Pea 8800 qtls 59520 qtls * Targeted

APY of different oilseed crops Area in ‘000 ha Production in ‘000 tonnes Yield in kg/ha Crop 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 A P Y Groundnut 21.962 18.399 837 14.215 10.732 754 25.531 23.340 914 Niger 2.601 0.949 364 4.601 1.574 342 24.572 7.826 318 Sesamum 4.018 1.343 334 4.284 1.328 311 4.428 1.555 351 Mustard 66.921 36.232 541 96.256 55.695 578 110.863 72.371 653 Linseed 29.603 13.425 453 19.3842 8.464 426 15.873 8.163 514 Crop 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 * A P Y Groundnut 25.160 27.984 1112 22.404 26.272 1173 23.034 26.719 1160 Niger 7.491 3.896 520 4.600 2.420 526 1.005 0.583 580 Sesamum 7.681 2.771 361 8.247 2.921 354 7.804 5.300 680 Mustard 198.056 125.671 635 176.883 139.957 791 Linseed 25.082 13.434 536 25.664 16.405 639 * 1ST Advance Estimate

Coverage of different Oilseed crops (‘000 ha)

Productivity (Kg/ha) Chart of Groundnut, Niger, Sesamum

Productivity (Kg/ha) Chart of Mustard and Linseed

Popular varieties under Oilseeds S No. Crop Varieties 1. Groundnut Birsa Bold , A. K. 12-24, BG-1, BG-2, GG-13 2. Til Kanke Safed, Krishna, N-25 3. Soybean Brag, Birsa Soybean -1, J.S. -335, Birsa Safed Soybean-2, J-J. 80-21 4. Toria Toria-T9, PT-303, Panchali, Vardan 5. Rai/ Mustard Kranti, Pusa Bishal, Shivani, Pusa Bold 6. Niger Birsa Niger-1, Birsa Niger-2, Birsa Niger-3 7. Linseed T 397, Shekhar, Sweta, Shubhra

Requirement & Availability of Seeds under Pulses & Oilseeds Kharif, 2013 Crop Requirement in Qtls Availability in Qtl Deficit in qtl (-) Arhar 17184 1175 16089 Moong 748 - Urad 2304 563.8 1740.20 Soyabean 1822 -- Tori 1295

Requirement & Availability of Seeds under Pulses & Oilseeds Rabi, 2013-14 Crop Requirement in Qtls Availability in Qtls * Deficit (-) Bengal Gram 18750 10415 8335 Pea 6000 6750 (+) 750 Masur 8605 (+) 2605 Mustard 9012 6560 2452 Linseed 1350 120 1230

Procurement of Pulses & Oilseeds No procurement of Pulses and Oilseed till last year. Effort for procurement of pulses & oilseed is undertaken during 2012-13. NAFED (Central Govt. Agency) tie-up for procurement. VEGFED (State level Agency) engaged for procurement through PACs/ LAMPs District wise target for procurement of Pulses / Oilseed finalized on the basis of production. Dy. Commissioner of concerned district designated to oversees the procurement process. ATMA & other agencies are involved for awareness programme for procurement. 1036 qtls Urad was procured during 2012-13. To discuss with DS

Concerns in Oilseeds & Pulses Continued dependence of oilseeds on rainfed production system Non availability of quality seeds of improved varieties Poor crop nutrition Sub-optimal and imbalanced use of major nutrients Minimal use of secondary and micronutrients New biotic threats: Inefficient processing Inadequate marketing support and non-remunerative prices

Area Expansion Past growth – 49% contributed by area expansion 51% by productivity improvement Area expansion in oilseed and Pulses crops which have Shown higher growth rate of productivity due to technological development Whose relative prices with competing crops have moved in their favour Higher growth rates combined with higher prices resulting in sharp increases in total profitability Area Expansion

Area Expansion Use of fallow / barren land under pulses and oilseed through land reclamation and use of INM. Rice – fallow be used with short duration pulses & oilseed crops. Under remmunerative cropping system oilseed and pulses crop be used as catch crop or relay crop. Crop intensification in underutilized farming situations like rice -fallows Intercropping in widely spaced crops Situations of limited water availability As options under contingency planning and as catch crops Replacement of less-remunerative crops Promotion of oilseed and Pulses crops in saline and acid soils Crop diversification in rice-rice and rice-wheat system areas

Enhancing Oilseeds & Pulses Productivity A combination of land saving technologies involving : - High yielding varieties/hybrids - Balanced and integrated crop nutrition - Efficient crop management - Integrated pest management - Mechanisation

Nutrient Management in Oilseeds & Pulses Oilseeds & Pulses are energy rich crops grown under energy starved conditions Good response to major, (N, P, K); secondary (S) and micronutrients (Zn, B, Mo) Need for fertilizer management on a cropping system basis for high use efficiency

Biofertilizers in Oilseed & Pulses Production Seed innoculation with Rhizobium in pulses and Some oilseeds (Groundnut and Soybean) to save 20-25 kg N /ha. Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Azotobacter saves 20 to 30 kg N/ha in sesame, mustard, sunflower and safflower Application of phosphorus solubilising bacteria (PSB) mobilizes fixed P in soil and reduces P requirement

Irrigation More than 77% of oilseeds & Pulses area is rainfed Water requirements of oilseeds & Pulses are low as compared to cereals Productivity of most oilseed & Pulses crops can almost be doubled with just one or two irrigations during critical stages Diversify with oilseed and Pulses crops when water supplies are limited

Efficient Crop Management Low cost and no cost technologies Crop rotation to improve soil health and to reduce pest build up Soil and moisture conservation measures Timely planting Adequate plant stand through adjustment in seed rate and thinning Timely weed management to reduce crop weed competition Need based plant protection with bioagents and biopesticides Promotion of PGPR like Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, PSB, etc. Liming in acid soil to improve crop productivity.

Important Insect Pests and Diseases of Oilseed Crops Groundnut Leaf Spot Bud Necrosis Root Grub Spodoptera Rapeseed-Mustard Alternaria White rust Aphid Soybean Tobacco caterpillar Girdle beetle grub Green semilooper Sunflower Capitulum borer Alternaria leaf blight Necrosis Contd…

Important Insect Pests and Diseases of Pulses Crops Pigeonpea Pod borer Wilt Sterlity mosaic Black gram Hairy catter pillar Sucking insect Pod borer Leaf wrinkle Yellow mosaic Chickpea Pod borer Wilt Pea Pod borer Powdary mildew Rust

Managing Insect Pests and Diseases Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices have been standardised involving resistant varieties, biocontrol agents, biopesticides and need-based use of chemicals Additional benefit with IPM ranges from Rs. 2500/ha to Rs. 7600/ha in different oilseed & Pulses crops

Preparedness for monitoring and Surveillance of insects, pests and diseases To keep surveillance on insect pest and diseases infestation in pulses and oilseed crops following arrangement may be made on the pattern of NFSM – A3P Pulses programme. Selection of farmers facilitator / Scout one at every 100 ha area. Weekly report about occurrence of insect, pest & diseases by farmers facilitator / Scout under his area. Monitoring by ADO’s at block level (1000 ha) area. Constitution of Disaster Management Group at district level.

Strategy for enhancing Cost Benefit Ratio in Pulses and Oilseeds for making crops more profitable Selection of area specific suitable crop variety. Use of higher yield potential crop varieties. Use of INM and IPM to increase productivity. To ensure one or two irrigation at critical growth stages. Proper marketing facility to fetch higher profitability in local market. Arrangement for 100% seed treatment / seed innoculation.

Innovative technology to be taken at farmers field during Rabi - 2013-14 Arrangement for 100% seed treatment / seed inoculation. Use of Sulphur at 20kgs/ha. Use of raingun to provide irrigation at critical growth stages. Incentive to farmers for INM/IPM. Incentive for farm mechanization.

Future Research Thrusts Yield enhancement with resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses Developing varieties suitable for different seasons/ situations Hybrid development and seed production technology Biotechnological approaches

Road Map for Oilseed & Pulses Sector Expand oilseed and Pulses area Rice fallows and non-traditional areas Intercropping Crop diversification Effective technology dissemination for enhancing productivity Quality seed of improved varieties Balanced crop nutrition Protective irrigation Effective crop management Integrated pest management Provide favorable policy back up Decontrol of traditional oilseeds and Pulses from small scale sector to enhance efficiency of processing Effective market interventions Favourable trade policy

Policy Interventions Favourable Policy Framework Improving Production and Productivity of Oilseeds & Pulses in India Favourable Policy Framework (Processing, Marketing, Trade) Area Expansion Replacing non-remunerative crops Rice fallows Intercropping Problem areas Contingency plans Water scarce situations Value addition as an incentive Diversification in Rice-Wheat System Productivity Improvement Quality seed Protective irrigation Increased fertilizer use (major, secondary and micro nutrients) Farm mechanisation Efficient crop management Effective technology transfer Over coming biotic/abiotic stresses through novel approaches (long-term)

Issues for consideration A3P unit of Rabi pulses demonstration in each NFSM (Pulses) district. Govt. of India is requested to include the state in oilseed programme. Increase of allocation under pulses (NFSM – Pulses) programme.

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