Community-Based Crowdsourcing for a sustainable land cadastre in Mozambique - Can SiGIT be a lever ? Jose Murta jose.murta@exi.co.mz Marisa Balas, José Almeirim, João Carrilho, Pedro Ivo, Rossana Carimo

Case Context Massive land registration 2008-2012 – MCT (about 200.000 registrations) Terra Segura aiming at 5 million registrations of individual parcels and 4 thousand community delimitations Computerisation of land cadastre 2013 nationwide … Mobile solution implemented during 2016 … Revision of business processes … Crowdsourcing ?

Land administration context Effective land productivity yield ~ 20% in Africa … Lack of rights registration inhibits investments … Great interest in legal registration & preparation for better business environment … Registration of State land and protected land key to improve governance … Cadastre with spatial data is key for land administration and planning … Organizational capabilities and law abiding provision of land services are key … All business related aspects are fundamental for sustainability …

Technology context … Technology evolves fast, is complex and relatively expensive Investments in technology need careful design using architectural approaches Business cases based decision should benefit from these strategic alignment instruments Technology software infrastructure became robust, secure and ready for scalability, Opportunity - local teams may be better positioned to build localized solutions Outsourcing of architecture planning may have to be contracted externally Priority for land administration business services may imply outsourced IS/IT services

Land Administration System Capacity Building 2013-2016 Investments – by Government, MCA/MCC and Donors (Sweden and Holland) established effective practices, business process management, to register land parcel country wide, a modern application based on robust platform to register text and geospatial land data, IT services structure to support application and infrastructure support and maintenance. System – processes and technology - proven to work follow law abiding workflows; Operators have been trained and half a million parcels registered; System working countrywide; System – processes and technology – extended to facilitate field registration of data.

SiGIT in Mozambique – a success story? Yes ! but mind shift to focus on business capabilities - land administration services. Technology is an enabler – although good understanding of its role by decisors a must. IS/IT complexity implies the use of architectural approaches and tools for understanding. This is key for alignment and support long term thinking for land administration reform. Outsourcing of IS/IT services may be better choice for now - learning occurs from practice. Roadmap for capabilities development should guide investments and delivery control.

Community-based Crowdsourcing for land registration ? This business model concept works in other domains. Big problems require innovative ideas, out of the box. Technology is ready to support this organizational form for data collection – it works ! Currently being used by Land registration service providers in GoM projects; Risks? organizational level – permanent structures to deliver the services; requires working central cadastre system to maintain/process registered data; New legislation and certification required if local community establish these services, Positive and open attitude to experimentation required to take advantage of these possibilities.

Possible benefits of crowdsourcing More efficient registration of data as prepared community land agents could work in parallel; Flexibility in maintaining the land data, as local residents would be able to update the data almost real time without additional contracting, preparation and dislocation costs; Lowering the costs of registration, as residents, paid by the community, should do this job, expected to be less intensive after the first registration; Allow better control from the community themselves on their land occupation rights, as registration should be easily accessible for consultation; Less conflict and easier conflict resolution due to comprehensiveness and readiness of land data; More effective control of corrupt practices be it by service provider or government agents; Better land planning and control by government and consequent sustainable economic development as a result of good, complete and updated data; Communities empowered do explore business opportunities with investors;

Readiness of enabling factors for crowdsourcing Enabling on technology Workflow design Motivation and measurement Human resources Policies and rules Facilities Crowdsourcing coordination and operation management This structure and how it should work should be defined iteratively with the various interested parties.

Community-Based Crowdsourcing - Can SiGIT be a lever? SiGIT is the technology side of the equation … Technology is available and covers from rural and urban land registration to central cadastre works, is scalable, open and secure, standardized, law abiding, fully integrated and its lifecycle locally supported and maintained – economies of scale and scope are making it sustainable; Visible and modern delivery of service levels, with service desk & various IT service providers; The business process insight and control introduced for land registration – rural and urban; SiGIT fully owned by State and lifecycle support competitively negotiated;

What other aspects and enablers for success ? Organizational motivation and business capabilities … Organizational purpose is well formulated by government in well defined programs; Critical to use architectural approaches describe required business capabilities and IS/IT; Business case and consequent project management professional practices missing; organizational and technology changes both designed and implemented for benefits; Accountability for results should become common behavior;

What other aspects and enablers for success ? Long term thinking mindset – a must! Long term thinking means common ways & preparedness to drive change for long; Complex problems should be tackled with appropriate tools - system thinking; Experience values world class frameworks to help create consensus & guidance; The same should work for the public sector; Architectural approaches & tools to help leaders to continue inherited and new reforms; Benefits management approach to help commitment by business and technical leaders; Program management frameworks to help scheduling projects for tranche management; Business case and project management characterize basic behavior in winning reforms.