Overview of radiation processing in China Kenneth Hsiao Dasheng Electron Accelerator

Relative importance of different applications Modification of polymers  Medical Sterilization Food

Modification of polymers Areas of application Wire & cable over 10k manufacturers (solar, railway, automobile, house…) Heat shrinkable material over 200 manufacturers Polyethylene foam PE packaging film Battery membrane PTC

Medical Sterilization Products Disposable gloves, gown, syringe, lab ware… ETO: more than 75% Gamma: around 20% EB: less than 5%

Food Pickled chicken feet over 400k tons a year Pet food Dehydrated vegetables Spice & seasoning Seafood: frozen and dry

Food Quantity of irradiated food in China Source: Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy

Electron Beam estimated 380 electron beams installed by end of 2012 (source: China Isotope & Radiation Association) 301 EB (close to 80%) made in China 238 EB (>60%) was installed after 2008 (~50 /year) Over 30 Linac (10MeV) 6 Rhodotrons estimated about 450 beams running in China to date

Electron Beam Applications Source: CIRA 2012

EB Service Centres Dasheng 22 Woer 18 mainly in house El Pont 17 Changyuan 13 mainly in house Kaiheng 12

EB + X-ray capabilities Electron manufacturers Linac: Nuctech, CIAE (China Institute of Atomic Energy), Vanform, Elpont, Gray, Hiwits, Superpower High Tech DC Type: Dasheng, Elpont, Hiwits. All with X-ray capability                

Gamma Over 140 gamma irradiators operative in China Design capacity over 160 MCi Actual loading about 60 MCi Over 40 irradiators designed over 1 MCi Over 60 gamma irradiators have been shut down in the past ten years: Too old and too small Sub-standards Urbanization: become centers of many cities About 8 under construction

Gamma Centers Zhongjin Irradiation 11 radiators across 7 cities in China CIR (China Isotope & Radiation Corp)-CNNC 4 locations across China Beijing Hongyisifang Radiation Technology 

Gamma source capabilities Cobalt Producer CNNC Tongxin Nuclear Technology (part of CIR) Produces about 6 MCi of cobalt-60 a year China needs about 10MCi to 12 MCi annually Gamma irradiator manufacturers CNNC Bine (part of CIR) SQHL

Factors that will impact development EB Too much competition among producers of EB More competition among the service centers Gamma Not enough domestic Co-60 supply Imported Co-60 price seem to go up Too many research centers getting into the market Too much competition

Expected development EB+X-ray More application markets will be developed in the areas of tire industry, surface curing, environment, sterilization … EB & X-ray will continue to grow strong at rate of 30-50 machines a year for the next few years X-ray will continue to improve the efficiency and be more economical than gamma Gamma will slow down and more small operators will close down due to strict safety requirement  M & A, PE

Thank you dEA www.dasheng.com