The Reproductive System Prior to start today’s lesson, I would like you to spend the next couple of minutes writing down things you think you know about the reproductive system before getting into this lesson. While keeping their notes private, as they read, I would like you to correct the statements that are not facts to make them true. Chapter 3: Lesson 6

Lesson Goals Structure of reproductive organs How they work How to take proper care of them &why maintaining reproductive health is important Body uniqueness Importance of feeling good about body changes Lesson Goals

Reproductive System Is made up of the organs involved in reproduction.

The female reproductive organs include: Ovaries, Fallopian Tubes, Uterus, and Vagina

Female Reproductive System—Ovaries Ovaries—are two female reproductive glands that produce egg cells and the female hormone estrogen. 2 inches in length & on either side of the uterus Egg cells or Ova (singular ovum) are female reproductive cells A million immature ova in the ovaries upon birth…however… In puberty an ovum matures and is released from one ovary each month. This is called ovulation—it is the release of a mature egg from an ovary. It now enters the… A million immature ova in the ovaries upon birth…however, they do not start to be released until she reaches puberty Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from an ovary. When an egg leaves an ovary, it enters the… Fallopian Tube

Female Reproductive System Fallopian Tube—4 inch tube that leads from the ovary… 2 The egg makes it’s way through and encounter the male reproductive cell known as… If the egg is joined with the ______ this takes place… If this process is successful it will travel through the Fallopian Tube into the uterus and fasten itself to the inner lining of the uterus The uterus is a muscular organ that holds the fertilized egg during pregnancy Fallopian Tube—a four inch tube that leads from the ovary. A female has two fallopian tubes. As an egg, makes its way through a fallopian tube, it may encounter a sperm. Sperm—male reproductive cells. If the egg is joined with a sperm, fertilization or conception may occur. Conception—is the union of an egg and a sperm. Uterus– before ovulation the inner lining of the uterus prepares for a fertilized egg by becoming thicker, padded with blood and tissue.

If the egg is not fertilized, it enters the uterus and than passes through the cervix into the vagina and leaves the body through as part of the… Leaves the body through part of the menstrual flow Vagina—is a muscular tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body. Ask: Why do some children look like their fathers and some like their mothers? Answer: because both sexes play a role in reproduction Ask: Name the four main part of the female reproductive system Answer: Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina

The Menstrual Cycle Generally occurs between the ages of 10 and 15. Is the monthly series of changes that take place in the female reproductive system.

Menstruation Also known as a woman’s period Menstruation—is the part of the menstrual cycle during which an unfertizilied egg and the inner lining of the uterus are shed from the body.

What occurs? The following changes are to be expected every month: Ovulation occurs Enters the Fallopian Tube Lining of the uterus prepares for a fertilized egg by adding an extra layer of blood and tissue Unfertizilied egg leaves the body with the thickened inner lining of the uterus as the menstrual flow. Ovulation occurs which is the release of a mature egg from an ovary. The mature egg is released into the Fallopian Tube.

Menstrual Cycle Days 1-13: One ovum matures inside an ovary Day 14: The mature egg is released into a fallopian tube. Day 15-20: The egg travels through the fallopian tube Days 21-28: The egg enters the uterus. If fertilization has not take place, after 7 days, menstruation begins.

Female Reproductive Problems Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)—is a variety of physical and emotional symptoms Menstrual Cramps—sharp pains in the abdominal area that some females experience during their period Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)—a rare bacterial illness that occurs from keeping a tampon in for too long Ovarian Cysts—fluid filled sacs or growths on the ovary Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)—infections that are spread through sexual activity. Infertility—inability to reproduce **can be both male & female**

Self Care Tips Practice Abstinence Regular Medical Checkups Practice Good Health During Menstruation Exercise regularly & Reduce caffeine and salt intake Perform regular Breast Examinations—check breast for lumps and changes every month after a menstrual period...lifetime practice

Male Reproductive System Consists of two external male organs and several internal ones External Male Organs—penis and scrotum Internal Male Organs—Semiinferous tubules, epididymis, vas deference, seminal vesicles, Cowper’s Gland

External Male Organs Penis—function is to deposit sperm in the vagina Scrotum—is a pouch that holds and protects the tests or testicles Helps regulate temperature for sperm production Hangs from the body so that the testes have a lower temperature than the rest of the body The scrotum pulls the testes closer to the body in cold weather Testes—produce sperm contain tubes seminiferous tubules—which is a network of coiled tubes in which sperm are produced.

Male Reproduction Once sperm is produced they pass to the epididymis A comma shaped structure on the rear upper surface of each testis Vas Deferens—two long, thin tubes that function as a passageway for sperm and as a place for sperm storage. Glands such as the seminal vesicles—secrete fluid that nourishes and helps the sperm to move Prostate Gland & Cowper’s Gland—mix together to finish semen Urethra—extends to the tip of the penis, sperm and urine exit here Cowper’s Gland—secrete a clear, lubricating fluid Sperm leave the body through ejaculation Prostate Gland—makes fluid that helps keep sperm alive Seminal Vesicles—secretes a fluid that nourished and helps the sperm to move Epididymis—is a comma shaped structure on the rear upper surface of each testis

Male Reproductive Problems Testicular Trauma—is an injury to the testicles, or testes STDs—are infectious spread through sexual activity Epididymis—is an inflammation of the epididymis. It is most often caused by an STD or by other infection Testicular Cancer—is the presence of cancer cells in the testes, often in the from of lump. Typically ages 15 to 35.

Self Care Tips Practice Abstinence Have regular medical checkups Wear protective clothing and equipment when playing sports Perform regular testicular examinations Bathe or shower daily