Producing detector parts & The CNC machine Mentor: Kerekes Zoltán Makovsky Mihály Bíró Dániel

General problems of producing detector parts The parts must be strong enough to hold heavy structures The parts shouldn’t stop or interract with the particles The parts must be light, otherwise the detectors would be terribly heavy They have to be connected perfectly so that they held the vacuum Commonly used materials which meet these requirements: carbon fiber, special plastic, silicium, special glass

Carbon fiber parts Why carbon fiber is used in detectors: - light - strong - doesn’t stop particles Carbon fiber’s special features: - at -18°C, it is easily bendable, so you can make any shape from carbon fiber. - it has almost no thermal expansion

Carbon fiber parts Carbon fiber is used in the structural system of the detector Our mentor manufectures the metal pieces which are used as a kind of tempate for making carbon structures We went to the little factory where the carbon fiber parts are produced and saw the whole method of making these parts

Problems of making carbon fiber parts It looses 70% of its stability if modified after producing it (for example if you brake a part of the sample, it deforms)

Carbon fiber First, the carbon fiber is put on the aluminium template. The seperate carbon fiber wires are glued together with a special glu which holds only if it is first heated to more than 100°C. After heating, the aluminium template needs to be removed quickly, because the cooling ( shrinking )template crashes the carbon fiber structure. To make the removing easier, the middle part of the template is not a usual rectengular: some angles are 95° instead of 90°, so the template comes out easier

Silicon in detectors Silicon is used in pixeldetectors, for example int the ATLAS experiment Silicon is used for cooling systems which cool down the heat-producing electronic parts in the detectors. We saw how the cooling system is produced and how it works

Other experiments We saw, how: - pixel detectors are produced and developed - a 3D printer works - huge magnets work and how they are produced - magnetic fields are measured (B sensors) - we met a lot of people who work on different projects, they showed us a huge amount of new technologies used in the detectors of the CERN

CNC milling machine We worked on a CNC milling machine during the week CNC milling machine is a piece of computerized workshop equipment which can perform multiple tasks such as milling, drilling. In CERN, it is used for producing detector parts.

Our own project: Making a Turner’s cubes Turners cube is a complex 3D geometrical item with special circles and squares inside First step: planning the models with the CATIA software

Turner’s cube 2. step: planning the „toolpath”  the route which the milling tool will go through. We planned it with CATIA as well, CATIA translates the plan into the CNC machine’s own machine language (G code)

Turner’s cube 3. step: preparing the piece of Aluminium for the manufacturing  cutting to the right size, cutting the edges

Turner’s cube 4. step: producing the cube with the CNC machine The milling process took 2 hours for 1 cube

Atomic model cube Our other project was to create a cube which shows the atomic model on his sides The manufacturing steps were the same Here is a video about the toolpath on CATIA

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Special thanks to our mentor and to CERN for making it possible to work 2 weeks long in the factories of CERN