Ch. 10

Remember these events 1775-1783 George Washington commanded military during Revolutionary War 1781-1787 Articles of Confederation in effect and the USA in danger of ruin 1787 – Constitutional Convention 1787-89 Ratification of the Constitution 1798 – Electoral College elects George Washington as President and John Adams as Vice President ; Washington did not pick Adams. Adams was confrontational and opinionated!

George Washington – set the example of what the office of President was. Cabinet members Federalists Alexander Hamilton – Sec. of Treasury, aide to GW during RW, lawyer, not accepted socially but was by GW, fixed the economy: collect taxes and tariffs, formed National Bank Cabinet members Federalists John Adams – VP to GW, Massachusetts lawyer, ambassador to France and England – opinionated and outspoken, difficult to have in meetings

GW’s Cabinet continued: John Jay – First Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, sent to Britain to get to get the British out of the Northwest Territories, 1794 Jay Treaty “Americans would pay debt to keep the peace” Thomas Pinckney – Federalist who acted as American envoy to Great Britain and Spain to allow America the use the lower Mississippi River for farmers to take goods down river to market John Fenno- editor/publisher of Gazette of the United States who supported Hamilton & Federalists Thomas Jefferson – Virginian, Sec. of State, ambassador to France, believed in the French Revolution and wanted to back the French, well read, lawyer, slave owner, author of D of I, was an Anti-Federalist or a Democratic Republican

Remember 1783 at the end of the Revolutionary War, the British were to leave the Ohio River and Great Lakes regions; but they remained and traded with the Native Americans Cause the Native Americans to attack American settlers 1789 Judiciary Act created the Supreme Court and other courts US has no navy, pirates are attacking trade ships 1791 Whiskey Rebellion, GW and AH led attack on rebels 1792 Napoleon took control of France 1793 European monarchs declare war on France

Henry Knox – trusted Revolutionary War artillery officer of GW made Secretary of War James Madison – Virginian, Father of the Constitution, lawyer, author of Bill of Rights, member of the House of Representatives while acting as secretary to GW Charles Pinckney – Sent by John Adams with John Marshall and Elbridge Gerry as diplomats for peace to France in 1797 Aaron Burr – Democratic Republican, lawyer and senator of New York Phillip Freneau –owned National Gazette, which favored the favored Democratic Republicans and Thomas Jefferson

Remember these events 1763 Treat of Paris ended the French and Indian War; France gave up Canada; Spain was given Louisiana and New Orleans because the French Acadians were moved to Louisiana (Cajuns) 1783 Treaty of Paris ends Revolutionary War 1778 – Treaty of Alliance gave French support to America and helped win the Revolutionary War 1789 King Louis XVI beheaded for the high taxation he placed on French citizens

France helped the USA win the Revolutionary War Treaty of Alliance, after battle of Saratoga, France gave military and financial help French Revolution – When King Louis XVI lost his head, the Treaty of Alliance was also cut off and GW made the Proclamation of Neutrality. Napoleon Bonaparte – dictator of France after French Revolution went to war with England, did not want the US as an enemy, negotiated peace with John Adams Charles Mauarice de Tallyrand – French foreign minister that sent agents to get money for a treaty (bribe), would bring more anti-French sentiment -XYZ affair Hamilton warned GW not to side with French, Thomas Jefferson wanted to help France – Adams did not war with anyone, was criticized and issued Alien and Sedition Acts

Remember 1789 - NYC USA capital 1791 – USA capital moved to Philadelphia Hamilton negotiated with TJ and JM that if he could have the national bank, they nation’s capital would be built the South 1800 – Washington DC the nation’s capital 1796 France and Great Britain are impressing US ships and sailors – electoral votes were 71 for Adams and 68 for Jefferson 1797 XYZ Affair – bribe for peace; JA issued A&S Acts to quiet criticisms, but TJ and JM wrote the KY and VA Resolves to make A&S unconstitutional – ruined Adams and Federalists

Election 1796 -John Adams voted 2nd President, Jefferson was Vice President Washington stepped down after 2 terms, 1951 basis of amendment 22 GW asked nation to not get involved with foreign countries GW asked to avoid political parties and North and South interests – the rivalries would hurt the country John Adams made appointments to courts the last night he was President – Midnight Justices John Marshall – the cousin of Thomas Jefferson was Chief Justice of Supreme Court and remained on the Supreme Court from 1800-1832

Judicial Review 1800 election Thomas Jefferson won Presidency with the help of Hamilton Told Madison not to deliver the midnight judge appointments Marbury requested his appointment, was refused, and sued Madison for it Court Case – Marbury v Madison; Marshall’s decision was based on the appointments were legal because they were signed by the President of the time, and the court had the right to review the actions of the executive branch for Constitutionality

Remember 1796 – France wanted Thomas Jefferson as President, but lost to Adams 1797 – XYZ affair made it look like Adams sold peace and was criticized Alien & Sedition Acts makes Federalists unpopular Aaron Burr was from a prestigious family, but had no restraint and would use his office for his personal benefit Election of 1800 was a tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr – after 35 tie votes Hamilton spoke for Jefferson as the “lesser of 2 evils” and Jefferson won, Burr was VP 1802 – Hamilton’s son killed while dueling to defend his father 1804 – Hamilton -Burr Duel