Chapter 11 By Timothy son, shanni chou, jaaliyah murray, karis sok, Dani widdows, daniel tsang, and lexi morris/Period one

Section two by Timothy Son What issue divided the first Congress as the nation launched the new government? Some members were eager to build a strong national government, while others were eager to limit the power of the new government.  2.       Henry Knox Department of War To defend the nation To handle relations with other countries To oversee the nation's finances Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson Looks good so far First Executive Branch Treasury Department Department of State

Section two (Continued) by timothy son Congress had debates on what the president's title should be. Vice President John Adams requested the title as "Your Excellency" that shows respect for their office. The president and some others argued they should have a similar title. Others argued that such titles smelled royalty that has no place in a democracy. George Washington ended the debate by preferring to the title "Mr. President". Congress turned to the task creating executive departments. As Washington feared, arguments broke out at once over what powers each of those executive departments should have. Congress then finally approved 3 departments: Department of War, Treasury Department, and the Department of State. George Washington often meets with each head of the departments to seek advice and ask for ideas. The heads of the executive departments came to be known as the president's cabinet.

Section three by shanni chou Question 1 During Washington's time as president, the government was low on funds. Due to this, a excise tax* was placed on whiskey and luxury goods such as carriages. Because of this settlers found it costly to transport grains to sell in cities and started making whiskey. To make it easier for the farmers, the excise tax was lowered but there were still tax rebels known as the 'Whiskey Boys" who started the Whiskey Rebellion. With the urging of Hamilton, George Washington sent out 13,000 militia troops to catch a few tax rebels. Thomas Jefferson believed that doing this was foolish and an act of violating people's liberties. *A tax on production or sale of a product.

Section three (Continued) by shanni chou Question 2 In Washington's Farewell Address, he explained that the threat of the "spirit of party" could ruin the nation. By this, he meant that people by nature have different opinions, however they should control the fighting between different parties or the nation could fall apart. At the same time, The French Revolution was also occurring. This caused the nation to be split into Federalists (such as Alexander Hamilton) and Republicans (Thomas Jefferson).

Section four by Jaaliyah Murray Question 1: What is your view of human nature?  Answer: I believe that most people are basically selfish and out of themselves. Question 2: Who should lead our country?  Answer: The "best" people (those well-educated & wealthy) should run the country. Question 3: How strong should our national government be?  Answer: Our national government should be strong so that it can unite the states and keep order.  Question 4: What is the ideal economy? 

Section four (continued) by jaaliyah Murray Answer: The ideal economy would be a strong economy. He wanted to use the power to expand the economy and increase the nations wealth. 5. Is the establishment of a national bank constitutional? Yes, because it would help the government by collecting taxes and keeping those funds  safe 6. should the U.S ally itself with great Britain or France? great Britain was all Hamilton had  hoped the would become one day: a powerful and respected nation that could defend itself against any enemy.

Section five by Karis Sok The thoughts and opinions of Thomas Jefferson. 1. What is your view of human nature? Thomas Jefferson believed that in human nature, informed citizens could make good decisions for themselves and the country. 2. Who should lead our country? As a Republican he favored a democracy where the common people should be equal and have power. 3. How strong should our national government be? The national government in the eyes of Republicans such as Thomas Jefferson should be small and limited. The state government should be stronger because in his view they were closer to the people and can more easily control the people, as well as keep the national government from becoming too strong.

Section five (Continued) by Karis Sok 4. What is the ideal economy? Thomas Jefferson was a farmer and believed the future of the nation depended on those who sowed the lands. He favored a agricultural economy and opposed the growth of business and manufacturing. 5.Is the establishment of a national bank constitutional? Why or Why not? The establishment of a national bank would be unconstitutional since he believed in the strict construction of the Constitution, the national bank meant additional power not listed in the Constitution. 6. Should the United States ally itself with Great Britain or France? Why or why not? The United States should ally itself with the new France. Even though they did not like the bloodshed many Republicans supported the revolution and thought the loss of the aristocrats was a small price for freedom.

Section six by Dani widdows The framers of the constitution did not anticipate political parties becoming part of the election process. They thought that the 2 best leaders would be picked. However, John Adams (Federalist) beat Thomas Jefferson (Republican) by  3 votes, making the 2 top leaders from opposing parties. In the beginning, President Adams tried to work with Jefferson, but his acts were futile because of "party violence". The 4 laws known as the Alien and Sedition Acts were formed to make life difficult for the Republicans.

Section six (continued) by Dani Widdows The first made it longer to be a citizen with the right to vote, the next 2 authorized the president to imprison or deport "aliens" suspected of activities threatening to the government. However, these laws were never enforced. The 4th law made sedition (printing, uttering, or publishing any false, scandalous, and malicious writing against the government) a crime. The 4th law was used to punish Republican newspaper editors, instead of punishing those who published lies or intended to destroy the government, which was the original hope of Alexander Hamilton.  The Republicans viewed the Sedition Act as an attack on the rights of free speech and press. They looked to the states to protect these rights, seeing as the federal government was enforcing the act. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison's resolutions were only adopted by Virginia and Kentucky. The arguments put forward in said resolutions were based on the sates' rights theory. The protest died when no other states approved. In 1800, the city of Washington in the District of Columbia became the federal government's new home. 

Section seven by Daniel Tsang     The Republican leaders supported Thomas Jefferson for president and a New York politician named Aaron Burr for vice president. The Federalists leaders chose John Adams to run for reelection as president, with Charles Pinckney of South Carolina running for vice president. Why didn't the Federalist choose Alexander Hamilton to run for president instead of John Adams? Because Alexander was not an U.S.-born citizen, so he could not run, for the Constitution states that being an U.S.-born citizen is required for running for president

Section seven (Continued) by Daniel Tsang The candidates both outlined their campaign issues early. Jefferson promised to run on a frugal and simple government, while Adams ran on his record of peace and prosperity Republican newspapers stated that Adams was a tyrant, wanting to turn the nation into a monarchy, so his children will rule after him Federalist newspapers called Jefferson an atheist, stating that he would destroy religion, introduce immorality, and loosen all the bonds of society Why didn't Hamilton support Adams? Because of his disagreements over the president's foreign policy Hamilton tried to convince the men chosen for the Electoral College to cast their presidental ballots for Pinckney over Adams. Pinckney was more likely to value Hamilton's advice than Adams, leading the U.S.  into a new century.

Section eight by lexi morris Questions: why was the Twelfth Amendment added to the constitution? What does the twelfth amendment do? What does the Twelfth Amendment prevent? The twelfth amendment was added to the constitution to define the rules of what would happen if there was a tie voting for the president of the united states, and procedures to take. In the case of a tie, the constitution sends the election to the house of representatives. There, each state has one vote. If no candidate for vice president receives a majority the senate choses the vice president.  Summary: in 1800, Tomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr received the same amount of votes. Eventually the twelfth amendment was ratified. After, the vice was a tie The How of Representatives from the three candidates. Then the senate chooses the vice president.    Looks great!!!! 

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