Principles of Flight 3-6 JAN 2017

Do Now 9 JAN 17 HTA Unit Exam FRIDAY (13 JAN 17) Take out notebook Pick up a new blank engineering worksheet (EW) Review with group – roles for the week (set last week) Who is Leader, Data, Materials and Safety? Mark your EW

Aircraft 3 – The Classic Dart Materials – Pick up: (4) Blank sheets of paper (one per person) (4) Rubber bands (one per person) (1) Stapler (one each per group) Write your name and/or group on your aircraft (or, decorate it so you can recognize it.) DO NOT LAUNCH AIRCRAFT YET!

Aircraft 3 – The Classic Dart CAREFULLY lay the rubber band INSIDE the fuselage (body) of the Dart, outside the nose. STAPLE through the paper fuselage so as to “capture” the rubber band, but without going through the rubber band itself SAFETY – Before launching, pick up safety eyewear for everyone Rubber band goes HERE. Staple the PAPER, not the rubber band so that it is ABOVE the nose.

Do Now – “Straight-as-an-Arrow” Launcher Materials – Pick up a cardboard blank for each team member; rulers and scissors Each person will have their own cardboard launcher Notch cut in the leading edge Mark one side with 1.0 cm intervals Example

Flight Test 3.1 Classic Dart On your blue engineering worksheet, describe where (or how) the Four Forces of Flight apply: Where does the thrust come from? How is lift generated? How do drag & gravity apply? Discuss with your group - What might you do to affect (change) the Classic Dart’s flight? Safety eyewear MUST be worn when testing. Flight Test 3.1 Day One

Clean-up All models and flight test materials put away Floor and desktops free of debris Chairs pushed-in

Do Now Tuesday, 10 JAN 17 Take out notebook Open to Flight Test 2.0 (FT 2.0) Take out current Red Baron (RB)

Red Baron On your blue engineering worksheet, describe where (or how) the Three Axes of Movement apply. How does your aircraft demonstrate: Yaw Pitch Roll Apply the new vocabulary to discuss with your group. What might you do to affect (change) the Red Baron’s flight? Safety eyewear MUST be worn when testing. Flight Test 2.2 Day Two

Clean-up All models and flight test materials put away Return safety eyewear Floor and desktops free of debris Chairs pushed-in

Do Now Wednesday, 11 JAN 17 Take out notebook Open to Flight Test 2.0 (FT 2.0) Take out current Red Baron (RB)

Flight Test 2.3 Red Baron (RB) From previous sessions: Apply the Four Forces of Flight to your RB, and describe its flight in terms of the Three Axes. TODAY: SAFETY – make sure safety eyewear is used. Choose one force to test, and select evaluative criteria. ONE criteria and ONE force Draft engineering worksheet (EW). Plan your initial Design/build/test. Measure flight performance. DATA - don’t forget UNITS as necessary Flight Test 2.3 Day Three

Clean-up All models and flight test materials put away Return safety eyewear Floor and desktops free of debris Chairs pushed-in

Do Now Thursday, 12 JAN 17 Take out notebook Open to Flight Test 2.0 (FT 2.0) Take out current Red Baron (RB) Safety – pick up safety eyewear for group

Flight Test 2.4 Red Baron (RB) From previous sessions: Apply the Four Forces of Flight to your RB, and describe its flight in terms of the Three Axes. Update EW to include Flight Test 2.3 results TODAY: SAFETY – make sure safety eyewear is used. Confirm with group members: ONE criteria and ONE force Revise engineering worksheet (EW). Plan Design/build/test changes & document Measure flight performance. DATA - don’t forget UNITS as necessary Flight Test 2.4 Day Four

Clean-up All models and flight test materials put away Return safety eyewear Floor and desktops free of debris Chairs pushed-in

Clean-up All models and flight test materials put away Return safety eyewear Floor and desktops free of debris Chairs pushed-in

Flight Test 2.5 Red Baron (RB) From previous sessions: Apply the Four Forces of Flight to your RB, choose one force to test, and select evaluative criteria. Draft engineering worksheet (EW). Measure flight performance. TODAY: Complete evaluation of RB: one flight force against one criteria (20 min) Discuss results with group. Complete engineering worksheet (EW) for RB (one per group member) Double-check: Are all sections complete? Neat, clean legible? Measurements correct (units)? Flight Test 2.5 Day Five

Review Unit One - Heavier Than Air (HTA)

Mini-Lesson A: Four Forces of Flight (HTA)

Mini-Lesson B: Generating Lift – Bernoulli Principle As the speed of a fluid (like air) goes up, it’s pressure goes down. The pressure in a fast moving stream of fluid (like air) is less than the pressure in a slower stream. THEREFORE, if air moves FASTER over one side of a wing (airfoil) and SLOWER over the other side, the pressure of the air on the slower side will LIFT the wing. This is what your CAF is doing: It’s shape increases the velocity of the air passing through it. Q: Why does it glide on a level path?

Mini-Lesson c: Three Axes of Movement (rotation) As it moves through the air, an aircraft can rotate through (around) THREE axes (singular axis) – like the hub, or axle of a wheel Pitch – the nose of the aircraft goes up (+) or down (-) Yaw – the nose of the aircraft turns right (starboard) or left (port) Roll – one wingtip goes one way (up or down), and the opposite wingtip goes in the other

Mini-Lesson D: Maneuver in Flight (Control Surfaces) Pitch – the ELEVATOR (horizontal tail) controls pitch (nose of the aircraft up/down). Roll – the AILERONS (rear, trailing edges of wings) control roll. One wingtip goes one way (up or down), and the opposite wingtip goes in the other. Yaw – the RUDDER (vertical tail) and ailerons together control yaw (nose of the aircraft turns right or left).

Mini-Lesson E: Drag DRAG is one of the four Forces of Flight. It can be thought of as the opposite of THRUST, and is the result of friction between the solid surfaces of the aircraft and the fluid atmosphere (air) Pitch – changes due to drag on the horizontal elevator Yaw – changes due to drag on the vertical rudder Roll – changes due to drag on the starboard (right) and port (left) ailerons

Mini-Lesson F: Gravity GRAVITY is one of the four Forces of Flight. It can be thought of as the opposite of LIFT, and is the result of the attraction between any two solid objects (masses). In flight, gravity is between the Earth and the aircraft. Gravity is determined by MASS (the amount of matter in an object) and DISTANCE between the centers of the two objects. Gravity is “inversely proportional,” meaning it gets weaker the further away two objects are from each other. In practical terms, GRAVITY can be measured in terms of “weight.”

Ultralight Flight (Thrust) Mini-Lesson G: Thrust THRUST is one of the four Forces of Flight, and can be thought of as the opposite of DRAG. Thrust is the mechanical force that moves an aircraft forward through the air, and generating the necessary movement of air across the airfoil Thrust can be generated by one of several methods. Propellers - spinning due to rotational energy) Turbine or jet – controlled combustion that accelerates gases Gravity* - used by gliders to convert potential energy into kinetic energy Launcher* - simple machine to provide initial thrust Ultralight Flight (Thrust)

Clean-up All models and flight test materials put away Return safety eyewear Floor and desktops free of debris Chairs pushed-in

Do Now 16 DEC 16 Take out notebook Open to Flight Test 2.0 (FT 2.0) Take out current Red Baron (RB)