Confucius & Ancient China August 29

What does this quote mean? Activator “I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.” Confucius What does this quote mean?

Chinese Societies Element: Describe the development of Chinese civilization under the Zhou and Qin. Vocabulary: Mandate of Heaven, dynastic cycle, Zhou Dynasty, Qin dynasty, Shi Huangdi, autocracy, Great Wall of China, terra cota army

Geography of China

Geographic China slightly larger than the United States rich in natural resources Farming a challenge on 2/3 of the land surface East China is where 96% of population live World’s largest population with 1.2 billion

Confucius Element: Explain the impact of Confucianism on Chinese culture; include the examination system, the Mandate of Heaven, the status of peasants, the status of merchants, and the patriarchal family, and explain diffusion to Southeast Asia, Japan, and Korea. Vocabulary: Confucius, filial piety, bureaucracy, examination system

Family in Ancient China the basic economic and social unit a symbol of the social order Farm Life: made families important many people were needed to work the farms

Family in Ancient China patriarchal family: important to ancient Chinese family life every member has his or her own place the needs of the family members comes second to the head male an important Confucian concept

Family in Ancient China Roles: Young children worked in the fields Older sons expected to undertake physical labor to provide for their parents Men responsible for providing food for their families governed society were warriors and scholars Women raised children stayed at home

Confucius Kung Fu Tzu (551-479 BCE) a Chinese philosopher his teachings were recorded and studied by his students Chinese pupils continued to study Confucius’s teachings until the twentieth century developed a code of ethical conduct wrote “The Analects”

Confucianism Confucius code of ethical conduct developed as a result of the time of Warring states after the fall of the Zhou Dynasty to restore order and moral living in China society was organized by right relationships believed that if humans acted in harmony with the universe, then their affairs would prosper

Confucianism Dao (Way) - key to proper behavior careful observance of ancient traditions reverence for learning cherishing of honesty devotion to parents, family, friends and obedient to rule individual needs second to the needs of family and community urged people to “measure the feelings of others by one’s own” (Golden Rule)

Older & Younger Brother Relationships Father & Son Filial Piety Older & Younger Brother Friend & Friend Ruler & Subject Husband & Wife

Five Constant Relationships governed everybody each individual has a duty to all others relationships: father & son (filial piety) husband & wife older & younger brother friend & friend ruler & subject

Role of Government if each individual worked hard to fulfill his or her duties, society would prosper rulers must set a good example and rule virtuously if society is to prosper dominate relationship is the family strong, efficient government begins with the family

Examination System civil service positions were not to be chosen through special or inherited privilege, but through an individual’s own abilities began in the 6th century required government officials to pass tests

Examination System exams included civil laws, revenue and taxes, agriculture and geography, military strategies, and classics of Confucianism led to the development of a bureaucracy - a trained civil service, or those who run the government on day to day bases

Social Order “Let the ruler be a ruler, the subject a subject” supports idea of the Mandate of Heaven Devine Right Ruler highest class in society

Social Order peasants made up the second-highest class Merchants occupied the lowest class because they merely bought and sold what others had made social division did not indicate wealth or power Peasants were still poor and merchants were still rich

Diffusion Confucian scholars opposed war and other coercive measures lead by moral example not by conquest or conversion legacy of Chinese regimes in Vietnam(southeast Asia) and Korea embraced in Japan

Activity Today you will read and analyze quotes from Confucius.

Summarizer How did Confucianism impact Chinese culture?