Theoretical Interpretation of Forward Neutron AN RIKEN/RBRC Itaru Nakagawa

Pion Cloud Model

Proton Spin +1/2

Proton Spin +1/2

Proton Spin +1/2 P-wave

Proton Spin +1/2

Proton Spin +1/2

Proton Spin +1/2

Proton Spin +1/2 P-wave P-wave

Proton Spin +1/2 d

p↑p Forward Neutron AN Spin flip Spin non-flip Neutron Neutron

p↑p Forward Neutron AN p+ a1 a1 Reggeon Spin Parity = 1+ Spin flip Spin non-flip Neutron Neutron p+ a1 n a1 Reggeon Spin Parity = 1+ d + n + p+ component of proton GS contributes

p↑p Forward Neutron AN p+ a1 Spin flip Spin non-flip OPE : One Pion Exchange

p↑p Forward Neutron AN n p p+,a1 PRD84,114012(2011) p p+,a1 n ↑ Well explained by the interference between p and a1 Reggion

Does the existing framework works for p↑A Forward Neutron AN? A/p/n ↑ p+p Single Spin Asymmetry AN Atomic Mass Number PRD 84, 114012 (2011) Search for the Totally Unexplored Dimension!!

pp Summary Forward neutron production is well described by OPE The interference between p and a1 gives decent asymmetry

Atomic Mass Dependence

Atomic Mass Number Dependence # of proton # of neutron p 1 Al 13 14 Au 79 118 Isospin Symmetry Surface Structure of Nucleus QED Process Gluon Saturation else

Surface Effect of Nucleus # of proton # of neutron p 1 Al 13 14 Au 79 118 neutron Neutron skin protons

QED Process Ultra Peripheral Collision (UPC) neutron A A In Au case t　→ 0 Z2 p p+ n p A n p+ D aEM

UPC

Forward Neutron Angular Distributions LHCf PHENIX ZDC The ZDC acceptance doesn’t reach QCD dominant region. Dx ~ a few mm Dx ~ 1cm

UPC : SOPHIA QCD : DPMJET

Rapidity Distributions by MC UPC Process QCD Process Minjung’s cut@ZDC 6.8 < ZDC acceptance < 8.2 Neutral particle yields are in the similar order between QCD and UPC

UPC Neutron Raw Spectrum ZDC Energy profile is biased towards higher energy side than QCD one as Boris predicted. Rapidity distribution looks skinner than Gaku’s draft.

UPC Final States for forward neutron in ZDC Dominated by two body decay Dominated by neutron + p+ system

UPC p+ (b>0.7) kinematics Very little make it to BBC acceptance. Most of pions will escaped through BBC hole. BBC psudo rapidity

Can we identify UPC events? Dipole p + h = 3.9 h = 3.1 ZDC D BBC n hp distribution of n+p+ events Most of decayed pions go through BBC hole and will be swept away by the dipole magnet (DX). BBC p+ Rapidity Very little coincidence measurements of final state from resonance. Simulation by Gaku Mitsuka

UPC Summary LHCf claims there is distinctively large forward neutron production near zero degree in p-Pb Neutrons are mostly decayed from D excitation of forward going proton About ½ of photon yields of LHCf is expected in RHIC p-Au. Majority of decayed counterpart p flies through BBC beam hole (undetected)

CNI

RHIC CNI Polarimeter Elastic polarized proton-Carbon/proton scattering (Undetected) Carbon target 90º in Lab frame Polarized proton Recoil carbon (Detected) Elastic polarized proton-Carbon/proton scattering

Analyzing Power AN for polarimeter zero hadronic spin-flip With hadronic spin-flip (E950) Phys.Rev.Lett.,89,052302(2002) pC Analyzing Power t->0 Pomeron QED: Calculable

AN at Coulomb Nuclear Interference (CNI) Region Pomerion/Reggeon Exchange Pomeron (High energy & small t limit) Ebeam = 100 GeV unpublished zero hadronic spin-flip With hadronic spin-flip (E950) Phys.Rev.Lett.,89,052302(2002) pC Analyzing Power Ebeam = 21.7GeV

Run15 HJet results ZDC t range runs further out t~0.02 - 0.5 (GeV/c) 2 peaked at ~0.07 (GeV/c) 2. Run15 HJet results Slide from Oleg Eyser (The 2015 PSTP workshop)

Underlying Mechanism Comparison Forward n Polarimeter p,A p,A p,A p+,a1, .. Pomeron p p n p DI =1 DI = 0 Inelastic Elastic √s = 200 GeV √s = 14 GeV

Coulomb-Nuclear Interference p+ p+ t　→ 0 p+ Z2 A elastic A p A n p+ D A p+ p n Pion cloud Same Final State

AN at Coulomb Nuclear Interference (CNI) Region Pomeron Elastic pp/pA (High energy & small t limit) f emflip f hadnon-flip f emnon-flip f hadflip Elastic Pomeron neutron +D ? a1 + D ? p+

Coulomb-Nuclear Interfarence p+ p+ t　→ 0 p+ Z2 A elastic A p A n p+ D A aEM p+ p n Pion cloud Same Final State

Full Description d : relative phase of amplitudes Elastic (polarimeter) For pp:

Full Description d : relative phase of amplitudes Elastic (polarimeter) For pp:

Coulomb-Nuclear干渉(CNI) p+ p+ t　→ 0 More terms to be considered. Possibly leads to large asymmetry. Each EM amplitude would be proportional to Z.

CNI Summary The interference between QED process and strong force could open up possibility to larger asymmetry Similar behavior between CNI polarimeters may indicates the interference, but yet conclusive.

Trigger Dependent AN As soon as BBC is required, the A-Dependence becomes moderate.

Can we identify UPC events? Dipole p + h = 3.9 h = 3.1 ZDC D BBC n BBC requires this minor pion to be detected hp distribution of n+p+ events BBC UPC (QED) contribution becomes small p+ Rapidity where

ZDCxBBC AN and STAR pi0

ZDC x BBC AN ZDC BBC The most simple final state will be n+p+ Dipole h = 3.9 h = 3.1 ZDC p n BBC n p + The most simple final state will be n+p+ BBCxZDC is the subset of BBC inclusive event. It is possible to have finite AN by only detecting p+ in BBC. If inclusive BBC is dominated by n+p+, then BBC AN will be similar to BBCxZDC BBC ZDC

Forward p0 AN Another iso-spin alternative final state p+p0 can be described in similar framework (assumption). MPC pi0 are similar rapidity with BBC. AN gets larger at higher xF, but may be ~0.05 if statistically averaged becomes similar to BBCxZDC AN

Diffractive process in pion cloud model The proton ground state can be described as a super position of n+p+ and p+p0 states. I forgot relative strength between two states though. BBC p+ EMCal p0 p X p X p+ p0 p n p p Roman Pot ZDC Pion cloud Pion cloud Not sure if pi0 interfare with a1 reggion. May be different reggion.

STAR AN BEMC EEMC FMS η = 2.6-4.2 η = 1.09,2.0 η = -1.0,1.0 central EMJets forward EMJets Midrapidity EM Jets Jet algorithm : anti-kT, R = 0.7 pTEM-Jet > 2.0 GeV/c, -1.0<ηEM-Jet<2.0 Inputs for central EMJets : towers from BEMC and EEMC Leading central EM-Jets : Jet with highest pT Case-I : having no central jet Case-II : having a central jet DIS 2014, Warsaw, Apr. 28-May 2, 2014

Similar to BBC acceptance 3.1<eta<3.9 AN vs. EM-Jet Energy Similar to BBC acceptance 3.1<eta<3.9 π0-Jets – 2γ-EM-Jets with mγγ <0.3 Zγγ <0.8 EM-Jets – with no. photons >2 Isolated π0’s have large asymmetries consistent with previous observation (CIPANP-2012 Steven Heppelmann) https://indico.triumf.ca/contributionDisplay.pycontribId=349&sessionId=44&confId=1383 Asymmetries for jettier events are much smaller DIS 2014, Warsaw, Apr. 28-May 2, 2014

AN for different # photons in EM-Jets 1-photon events, which include a large π0 contribution in this analysis, are similar to 2-photon events Three-photon jet-like events have a clear non-zero asymmetry, but substantially smaller than that for isolated π0’s AN decreases as the event complexity increases (i.e., the "jettiness” AN for #photons >5 is similar to that for #photons = 5 Jettier events DIS 2014, Warsaw, Apr. 28-May 2, 2014

STAR’s Run15 Attempt Trying to tag diffractive pi0 by taking coincidence with forward proton which stayed intact through collision.

Something similar to STAR Study See AN dependence on BBC charge as Sasha suggested This more like seeing “diffractiveness”. Smaller the BBC charge, the charged particle is isolated-> diffractive process. If this attempt is really similar to what STAR did, then the asymmetry will get smaller as BBC charge gets larger at least in pp. AN BBC charge

Run16 No pp No plan to run H-Jet due to lack of man power Need to estimate if 1.5 week is sufficient to accumulate statistics

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